This study aims to reconstruct the biological histories of the people buried at the Royal Chapel of Lugo Cathedral, an important religious center of NW Spain, by using anthropological, geochemical, and historical perspectives. We conducted a macroscopic and radiographic study on 955 skeletal elements, a multi-isotope (δ¹³C_col, δ¹⁵N, δ³⁴S_col, δ¹³C_ap, δ¹⁸O_ap) analysis of human (n = 12) and animal (n = 4) samples, and the study of 1407 documents from the cathedral archives. There was a minimum of 15 individuals, including six subadults (<7 years), seven mature males, and one possible female. Several traumatic healed injuries, a pelvis osteochondroma, and a case of DISH have been detected. Males were enriched in ¹⁵N (up to 15.7‰, Δ_{human-animal avg} = 5.1‰) suggesting consumption of animal protein including freshwater fish. Cathedral documents reflect fora payments in the form of rye, eggs, poultry, sheep, pigs, and eels as well as the hiring of two physicians. All individuals, except one, lived between the 14^th and the early 15^th centuries and show characteristics of high standard of living. Males were likely members of the cathedral—chaplains, administrators, sacristans, but not bishops—or noblemen relatives of the former according to preserved documents. Isotopic and paleopathological study suggest that they had an active and traveling life and at least one of them had connections with Central Spain. Children were local and possibly connected to the nobility. Lugo Cathedral is a prime example about the possibilities of transdisciplinary research in the identification of lifestyle in past populations.

中文翻译：

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精英的生物历史：卢戈大教堂皇家礼拜堂的骨骼（西班牙西北部）

本研究旨在通过人类学、地球化学和历史视角重建埋葬在西班牙西北部重要宗教中心卢戈大教堂皇家礼拜堂的人们的生物学历史。我们对 955 种骨骼元素、多同位素（δ ¹³ C _col、δ ¹⁵ N、δ ³⁴ S _col、δ ¹³ C _ap、δ ¹⁸ O _ap）分析进行了宏观和放射学研究（n  = 12）和动物 ( n = 4) 样本，以及对来自大教堂档案的 1407 份文件的研究。至少有 15 个个体，包括 6 个亚成体（<7 岁）、7 个成年雄性和 1 个可能的雌性。已发现数例创伤性愈合损伤、骨盆骨软骨瘤和一例 DISH。雄性富含¹⁵ N（高达 15.7‰，Δ_{人类-动物平均值} = 5.1‰），表明食用动物蛋白，包括淡水鱼。大教堂文件反映论坛在黑麦，蛋，禽，羊，猪的形式支付，和鳗鱼以及两个医生的聘用。所有的个人，除一人外，居住的14间^日和早期的15^日几个世纪以来，表现出高水平的生活特征。根据保存的文件，男性可能是大教堂的成员——牧师、行政人员、圣餐员，但不是主教——或前者的贵族亲属。同位素和古病理学研究表明，他们过着活跃的旅行生活，其中至少有一个与西班牙中部有联系。孩子们是当地的，可能与贵族有联系。卢戈大教堂是关于在过去人群中识别生活方式的跨学科研究可能性的一个典型例子。