Landing gear are exposed to cyclic loads from the ground manoeuvres that aircraft perform in-service. Variability is observed in the loading magnitude associated with ground manoeuvres, along with the per-flight variability in ground manoeuvre occurrence and sequencing. Whilst loading magnitude variability has been widely characterised, significant assumptions are required regarding manoeuvre occurrence and sequencing when constructing landing gear load spectra for fatigue design. These assumptions are required due to the limited availability of data concerning ground manoeuvre occurrence and sequencing relating to aircraft in-service and require validation to facilitate the design of more efficient components. ‘Big-Data’ approaches, employing Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) transponder data, enable aircraft ground tracks to be identified. This paper presents a methodology to characterise the variability in ground manoeuvre occurrence and sequencing using ADS-B data sourced from Flightradar24® for a wide-body aircraft fleet. Using statistics generated for the fleet, it was identified that significant variability exists in the occurrence and sequencing of turning and braking manoeuvres. The statistics also validate existing assumptions, including that the proportional share of left and right turning manoeuvres is equal. Finally, this paper discusses the utility of ADS-B datasets for constructing landing gear load spectra and monitoring of landing gear in-service.

中文翻译：

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来自自动相关监视广播转发器数据的起落架地面机动统计

起落架暴露于飞机在服务中执行的地面机动的循环载荷。在与地面机动相关的载荷大小中观察到可变性，以及在地面机动发生和排序方面的每次飞行可变性。虽然载荷幅度变化已被广泛表征，但在为疲劳设计构建起落架载荷谱时，需要对机动发生和排序做出重要假设。由于有关地面机动发生和与在役飞机相关的排序的数据的可用性有限，因此需要这些假设，并且需要验证以促进设计更有效的组件。“大数据”方法，采用自动相关监视广播 (ADS-B) 转发器数据，能够识别飞机的地面轨迹。本文提出了一种使用来自 Flightradar24 的 ADS-B 数据来表征地面机动发生和排序的可变性的方法®对于宽体飞机机队。使用为车队生成的统计数据，可以确定转弯和制动操作的发生和顺序存在显着变化。统计数据还验证了现有假设，包括左转和右转机动的比例份额相等。最后，本文讨论了 ADS-B 数据集在构建起落架载荷谱和监测在役起落架的效用。