Expanding from previous work, we present weak-lensing (WL) measurements for a total sample of 30 distant (zmedian = 0.93) massive galaxy clusters from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SPT-SZ) Survey, measuring galaxy shapes in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys images. We remove cluster members and preferentially select z ≳ 1.4 background galaxies via V − I colour, employing deep photometry from VLT/FORS2 and Gemini-South/GMOS. We apply revised calibrations for the WL shape measurements and the source redshift distribution to estimate the cluster masses. In combination with earlier Magellan/Megacam results for lower-redshifts clusters, we infer refined constraints on the scaling relation between the SZ detection significance and the cluster mass, in particular regarding its redshift evolution. The mass scale inferred from the WL data is lower by a factor $0.76^{+0.10}_{-0.14}$ (at our pivot redshift z = 0.6) compared to what would be needed to reconcile a flat Planck νΛCDM cosmology (in which the sum of the neutrino masses is a free parameter) with the observed SPT-SZ cluster counts. In order to sensitively test the level of (dis-)agreement between SPT clusters and Planck, further expanded WL follow-up samples are needed.

中文翻译：

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通过 HST、VLT 和 Gemini-South 的扩展弱透镜后续观测对遥远的 SPT 星系团进行质量校准

扩展之前的工作，我们对来自南极望远镜 Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) 调查的 30 个遥远 (zmedian = 0.93) 大质量星系团的总样本进行弱透镜 (WL) 测量，测量星系形状用于测量图像的哈勃太空望远镜 (HST) 高级相机。我们移除星团成员，并通过 V-I 颜色优先选择 z ≳ 1.4 个背景星系，采用 VLT/FORS2 和 Gemini-South/GMOS 的深度光度计。我们对 WL 形状测量和源红移分布应用修正校准来估计星团质量。结合早期低红移星团的 Magellan/Megacam 结果，我们推断出对 SZ 检测意义和星团质量之间的比例关系的精确约束，特别是关于其红移演化。从 WL 数据推断出的质量尺度比调和平坦的普朗克 νΛCDM 宇宙学所需的质量低 0.76^{+0.10}_{-0.14}$（在我们的枢轴红移 z = 0.6）。中微子质量的总和是一个自由参数）与观察到的 SPT-SZ 簇计数。为了敏感地测试 SPT 集群和普朗克之间的（不）一致程度，需要进一步扩大 WL 后续样本。