Background COVID-19 lockdown measures have caused severe disruptions to work and education and prevented people from engaging in many rewarding activities. Cannabis users may be especially vulnerable, having been previously shown to have higher levels of apathy and anhedonia than non-users. Methods In this survey study, we measured apathy and anhedonia, before and after lockdown measures were implemented, in n = 256 adult and n = 200 adolescent cannabis users and n = 170 adult and n = 172 adolescent controls. Scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were investigated with mixed-measures ANCOVA, with factors user group, age group, and time, controlling for depression, anxiety, and other drug use. Results Adolescent cannabis users had significantly higher SHAPS scores before lockdown, indicative of greater anhedonia, compared with adolescent controls (P = .03, η p2 = .013). Contrastingly, adult users had significantly lower scores on both the SHAPS (P < .001, η p2 = .030) and AES (P < .001, η p2 = .048) after lockdown compared with adult controls. Scores on both scales increased during lockdown across groups, and this increase was significantly smaller for cannabis users (AES: P = .001, η p2 = .014; SHAPS: P = .01, η p2 = .008). Exploratory analyses revealed that dependent cannabis users had significantly higher scores overall (AES: P < .001, η p2 = .037; SHAPS: P < .001, η p2 = .029) and a larger increase in scores (AES: P = .04, η p2 =.010; SHAPS: P = .04, η p2 = .010), compared with non-dependent users. Conclusions Our results suggest that adolescents and adults have differential associations between cannabis use as well as apathy and anhedonia. Within users, dependence may be associated with higher levels of apathy and anhedonia regardless of age and a greater increase in levels during the COVID-19 lockdown.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行封锁之前和期间成人和青少年大麻使用者的冷漠和快感缺乏以及控制

背景 COVID-19 封锁措施对工作和教育造成了严重干扰，并阻止人们从事许多有益的活动。大麻使用者可能特别容易受到伤害，之前的研究表明，大麻使用者比非使用者有更高程度的冷漠和快感缺失。方法 在这项调查研究中，我们测量了实施封锁措施之前和之后 n = 256 名成人和 n = 200 名青少年大麻使用者以及 n = 170 名成人和 n = 172 名青少年对照者的冷漠和快感缺失。冷漠评估量表（AES）和斯奈斯-汉密尔顿快乐量表（SHAPS）的得​​分采用混合测量ANCOVA进行调查，其中因素包括用户组、年龄组和时间，并控制抑郁、焦虑和其他药物使用。结果 与青少年对照相比，青少年大麻使用者在封锁前的 SHAPS 分数显着较高，表明快感缺乏程度更大（P = .03，η p2 = .013）。相比之下，与成人对照相比，锁定后成年用户在 SHAPS（P < .001，η p2 = .030）和 AES（P < .001，η p2 = .048）方面的得分均显着降低。在封锁期间，各组的这两个量表的分数均有所增加，而大麻使用者的这种增加要小得多（AES：P = .001，η p2 = .014；SHAPS：P = .01，η p2 = .008）。探索性分析显示，依赖大麻使用者的总体得分显着较高（AES：P < .001，η p2 = .037；SHAPS：P < .001，η p2 = .029）并且得分增幅较大（AES： P = .04，η p2 =.010；SHAPS：P = .04，η p2 = .010)，与非依赖用户相比。结论 我们的研究结果表明，青少年和成人大麻使用以及冷漠和快感缺乏之间存在不同的关联。在用户中，无论年龄大小，依赖性都可能与更高水平的冷漠和快感缺乏有关，并且在 COVID-19 封锁期间水平会更大程度增加。