ABSTRACT

A large and significant portion of contemporary psychoanalytic theory has given up on the drives. The shift toward object relations in the 1940s and 50s, the scepticism about metapsychology in the latter half of the twentieth century, and a general confusion about the coherence of Freud’s drive theory have all contributed to their slow decline in prominence. There are legitimate criticisms of the drives that deserve attention but the drives themselves require a careful examination before any successful defence of their place in the metapsychology may be mounted. The current paper provides an account of the drives informed by the intellectual history of German and English thought related to the drives and instincts as they came to Freud. This history allows us to clearly distinguish between “drive” (or Trieb) and its conceptual neighbour “instinct” (or Instinkt).

摘要

当代精神分析理论的很大一部分已经放弃了驱动力。1940 年代和 50 年代向客体关系的转变，20 世纪后半叶对元心理学的怀疑，以及对弗洛伊德驱动理论的连贯性的普遍混淆，都导致它们的声望缓慢下降。对驱动力的合理批评值得关注，但驱动力本身需要仔细检查，然后才能成功捍卫其在元心理学中的地位。当前的论文提供了一种由德国和英国思想的思想史所告知的驱动力，这些驱动力和本能来到弗洛伊德时有关。这段历史使我们能够清楚地区分“驱动器”（或Trieb）及其概念上的邻居“本能”（或Insinkt）。