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Assessment of metal levels and pollution indices of the Songor Wetland, Ghana
Regional Studies in Marine Science ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101875
Emmanuel Klubi , Dennis Kpakpo Adotey , Samuel Addo , José M. Abril

Sediment, soil and fish samples collected from the Songor Wetland were assessed for the spatial distributions of metal (Al, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Cd and Hg) levels and contamination loads, using pollution indices and multivariate analysis. The samples were processed through microwave digestions (Soil and Sediment: [HNO3, HCl, HF, H2O2]; Fish: [HNO3, H2O2]), followed by the analysis of extracts using ICP-MS. The results displayed patchiness of metal levels in the sediment and soil samples, and in some cases, defying the established trend that levels of metals in sediments are generally higher than in soils. The differences in the results were ascribed to geological dominance and anthropogenic impacts. The finfish species displayed relatively higher bioaccumulation patterns of the metal levels than crustaceans. Aluminium (Al) and Zn levels were moderately enriched in sediment and soil samples. Overall enrichment factors ([EF {Al} and EF {Fe}]) suggested low to minimal enrichment except in a few cases. Pollution Load Index (PLI) based on Contamination Factor (CF) suggested that metal loads were less than baseline levels. On the other hand, Pearson Correlation Coefficient demonstrated that the metals present in the wetland were more lithogenic with remarkable inputs of biogenic and anthropogenic components. Principal Component Analysis revealed an association of Zn to the western section of the wetland, Cd, and Hg to the eastern part while the remaining metals were concentrated at the mid-section of the wetland. Lead (Pb) levels (1.10 ± 0.70 mg/kg) in finfishes exceeded the EU Regulation 1881/2006/EU (0.05 mg/kg) for fish tissues and could pose public health concerns.



中文翻译:

评估加纳松戈尔湿地的金属含量和污染指数

使用污染指数和多元变量评估了从松戈尔湿地收集的沉积物、土壤和鱼类样本的金属(Al、Fe、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、As、Cd 和 Hg)水平和污染负荷的空间分布。分析。样品通过微波消解处理(土壤和沉积物:[HNO 3 , HCl, HF,H2O 2 ]; 鱼:[HNO 3 ,H22]),然后使用 ICP-MS 分析提取物。结果显示沉积物和土壤样品中的金属含量不均匀,在某些情况下,与沉积物中金属含量普遍高于土壤的既定趋势背道而驰。结果的差异归因于地质优势和人为影响。与甲壳类动物相比,有鳍鱼类物种的金属水平生物积累模式相对较高。沉积物和土壤样品中铝 (Al) 和锌含量中等。除少数情况外,总体富集因子([EF {Al} 和 EF {Fe}])表明富集低至最低。基于污染因子 (CF) 的污染负荷指数 (PLI) 表明金属负荷低于基线水平。另一方面,Pearson 相关系数表明,湿地中存在的金属更具岩性,具有显着的生物和人为成分输入。主成分分析显示 Zn 与湿地西部、Cd 和 Hg 与东部相关,而其余金属则集中在湿地中部。有鳍鱼中的铅 (Pb) 水平 (1.10 ± 0.70 mg/kg) 超过了欧盟关于鱼类组织的法规 1881/2006/EU (0.05 mg/kg),并可能引起公共卫生问题。

更新日期:2021-06-09
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