Cotton producers in Pakistan must manage many concerns, for example, climate change, traditional agricultural management practices and depletion of land resources i.e. land, and water have resulted in low productivity and pose the largest challenge ever to the sustainability of cotton production in Pakistan. Sustainable land and water (SL&W) management practices of climate resilient agriculture (CRA) such as irrigation (laser land levelling, bed sowing, and drainage management), soil (minimum tillage), and crop (flood and drought tolerant varieties) management practices are recognized as the most efficient and sustainable, particularly for growing cotton. Using cross-sectional data from cotton-growing districts of Punjab, this study attempted to estimate and compare the economic benefits of SL&W management practices of CRA and conventional agricultural practices. The study also estimated the impact of technical training, SL&W management practices of CRA and changing soil quality to improve cotton productivity and sustainability in Punjab, Pakistan. The economic analysis showed that the adopters of CRA have significantly higher economic benefits from one hectare of cotton compared with non-adopters. The economic benefits of adopters significantly increased after implementing SL&W management practices of CRA. Additionally, this study also explores the SL&W management practices; technical training regarding SL&W management practices of CRA; access to credit; varying soil quality; and other inputs lead to significant variation in cotton productivity. The most important implications are that cotton farmers improved productivity through the SL&W management practices of CRA. Hence, proved that CRA are economically, financially, and environmentally, desirable. The findings of the study in a nutshell also reveal that CRA have an absolute advantage over traditional cotton farming.

巴基斯坦的棉花生产商必须处理许多问题，例如，气候变化、传统农业管理做法以及土地资源（即土地和水）的枯竭导致生产力低下，并对巴基斯坦棉花生产的可持续性构成了有史以来最大的挑战。气候适应型农业 (CRA) 的可持续土地和水 (SL&W) 管理实践，例如灌溉（激光平整、播种和排水管理）、土壤（最少耕作）和作物（抗洪抗旱品种）管理实践是被认为是最有效和最可持续的，特别是对于种植棉花。本研究使用旁遮普省棉花种植区的横截面数据，试图估计和比较 SL& W CRA 管理实践和传统农业实践。该研究还评估了技术培训、CRA 的 SL&W 管理实践以及改变土壤质量对提高巴基斯坦旁遮普省棉花生产力和可持续性的影响。经济分析表明，与非采用者相比，CRA 的采用者从一公顷棉花中获得了显着更高的经济效益。实施 CRA 的 SL&W 管理实践后，采用者的经济效益显着增加。此外，本研究还探讨了 SL&W 管理实践；CRA SL&W 管理实践的技术培训；获得信贷；不同的土壤质量；和其他投入导致棉花生产力的显着变化。最重要的影响是棉农通过 CRA 的 SL&W 管理实践提高了生产力。因此，证明 CRA 在经济、财务和环境上都是可取的。简而言之，研究结果还表明，CRA 相对于传统棉花种植具有绝对优势。