Crustacean larvae have served as distinguished models in the field of Ecological Developmental Biology (“EcoDevo”) for many decades, a discipline that examines how developmental mechanisms and their resulting phenotype depend on the environmental context. A contemporary line of research in EcoDevo aims at gaining insights into the immediate tolerance of organisms and their evolutionary potential to adapt to the changing abiotic and biotic environmental conditions created by anthropogenic climate change. Thus, an EcoDevo perspective may be critical to understand and predict the future of organisms in a changing world. Many decapod crustaceans display a complex life cycle that includes pelagic larvae and, in many subgroups, benthic juvenile–adult stages so that a niche shift occurs during the transition from the larval to the juvenile phase. Already at hatching, the larvae possess a wealth of organ systems, many of which also characterise the adult animals, necessary for autonomously surviving and developing in the plankton and suited to respond adaptively to fluctuations of environmental drivers. They also display a rich behavioural repertoire that allows for responses to environmental key factors such as light, hydrostatic pressure, tidal currents, and temperature. Cells, tissues, and organs are at the basis of larval survival, and as the larvae develop, their organs continue to grow in size and complexity. To study organ development, researchers need a suite of state-of-the-art methods adapted to the usually very small size of the larvae. This review and the companion paper set out to provide an overview of methods to study organogenesis in decapod larvae. This first section focuses on larval rearing, preparation, and fixation, whereas the second describes methods to study cells, tissues, and organs.

中文翻译：

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研究十足目甲壳动物幼虫器官发生的方法。一、幼虫的饲养、准备和固定

几十年来，甲壳动物幼虫一直是生态发育生物学（“EcoDevo”）领域的杰出模型，该学科研究发育机制及其产生的表型如何依赖于环境背景。EcoDevo 的当代研究旨在深入了解生物的直接耐受性及其进化潜力，以适应由人为气候变化造成的不断变化的非生物和生物环境条件。因此，EcoDevo 的观点对于在不断变化的世界中理解和预测生物体的未来可能至关重要。许多十足目甲壳类动物表现出复杂的生命周期，其中包括远洋幼虫，并且在许多亚群中，还包括底栖幼体-成体阶段，因此在从幼体到幼体阶段的过渡期间会发生生态位转变。已经孵化的幼虫拥有丰富的器官系统，其中许多也是成年动物的特征，是在浮游生物中自主生存和发育所必需的，并且适合对环境驱动因素的波动做出适应性反应。它们还展示了丰富的行为库，可以对光、静水压力、潮汐流和温度等环境关键因素做出反应。细胞、组织和器官是幼虫存活的基础，随着幼虫的发育，它们的器官的大小和复杂性不断增长。为了研究器官发育，研究人员需要一套最先进的方法来适应通常非常小的幼虫尺寸。本综述和配套论文旨在概述研究十足动物幼虫器官发生的方法。