Background Social relationships are important for pain management among individuals with HIV, but the impact of daily social contact on pain responses in real-time, real-world settings has never been specifically examined. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between social contact frequency and pain, and the role of negative and positive affect in this relationship among older adults with HIV using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Methods A total of 66 (Mage = 59.3, SD = 6.3, range: 50–74) older adults with HIV completed EMA surveys that included social contact frequency, pain level, and negative and positive affect four times per day for 2 weeks. Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine concurrent and lagged associations between social contact frequency, pain, and negative and positive affect. Results Greater recent social contact frequency was associated with less severe current pain (unstandardized B = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01, p = .014), while greater current pain was associated with lower subsequent social contact frequency (unstandardized B = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.03, p < .001). Further, higher current negative affect was related to greater current pain, and this relationship was dampened by increased recent social contact frequency (unstandardized B = −0.17, 95% CI: −0.26, −0.08, p < .001). Neither negative nor positive affect was significantly associated with the relationship between current pain and subsequent social contact frequency. Conclusions Social contact frequency and pain are bidirectionally and inversely associated among older adults with HIV. Further, recent social contact influences current pain by attenuating negative affect. Together, these results highlight the need to address social engagement in interventions for pain among older adults with HIV.

中文翻译：

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感染艾滋病毒的老年人的社会接触频率和疼痛：一项生态瞬时评估研究

背景 社会关系对于 HIV 感染者的疼痛管理很重要，但日常社会接触对实时、真实世界环境中疼痛反应的影响从未被专门研究过。目的 本研究的目的是使用生态瞬时评估 (EMA) 来检查社交接触频率与疼痛之间的关系，以及消极和积极影响在感染 HIV 的老年人中的这种关系中的作用。方法 共有 66 名（Mage = 59.3，SD = 6.3，范围：50-74）感染 HIV 的老年人完成了 EMA 调查，其中包括社交接触频率、疼痛程度以及消极和积极影响，每天四次，持续 2 周。混合效应回归模型用于检查社交接触频率、疼痛以及消极和积极影响之间的并发和滞后关联。结果 最近社交接触频率较高与当前疼痛较轻相关（非标准化 B = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01, p = .014），而当前疼痛较大与后续社交接触频率较低相关（非标准化B = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.03, p < .001)。此外，更高的当前负面影响与更大的当前疼痛相关，并且这种关系因近期社交接触频率的增加而减弱（非标准化 B = −0.17, 95% CI: −0.26, −0.08, p < .001）。当前疼痛与随后的社会接触频率之间的关系既没有消极影响也没有积极影响。结论 社交接触频率和疼痛在感染 HIV 的老年人中呈双向和负相关。更远，最近的社会接触通过减弱负面影响来影响当前的痛苦。总之，这些结果强调需要解决社会参与对感染艾滋病毒的老年人疼痛的干预措施。