Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. They provide trophic, metabolic and structural support to neurons. In several pathologies such as multiple sclerosis these cells are severely affected and fail to remyelinate, thereby leading to neuronal death. The gold standard for studying remyelination is the g-ratio, which is measured by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Therefore, studying the fine structure of the oligodendrocyte population in the human brain at different stages through TEM is a key feature in this field of study. Here we study the ultrastructure of oligodendrocytes, its progenitors and myelin in 10 samples of human white matter using 9 different markers of the oligodendrocyte lineage (NG2, PDGFRa, A2B5, Sox10, Olig2, BCAS1, APC (CC1), MAG and MBP). Our findings show that human oligodendrocytes constitute a very heterogeneous population within the human white matter and that its stages of differentiation present characteristic features that can be used to identify them by TEM. This study sheds light on how these cells interact with other cells within the human brain and clarify their fine characteristics from other glial cell types.

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预包埋免疫金对人少突胶质细胞及其祖细胞的超微结构表征

少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的髓鞘细胞。它们为神经元提供营养、代谢和结构支持。在诸如多发性硬化症的几种病理中，这些细胞受到严重影响并且不能再髓鞘化，从而导致神经元死亡。研究髓鞘再生的黄金标准是 g 比，它是通过透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 测量的。因此，通过 TEM 研究人脑不同阶段少突胶质细胞群的精细结构是该研究领域的一个关键特征。在这里，我们使用少突胶质细胞谱系的 9 种不同标记物（NG2、PDGFRa、A2B5、Sox10、Olig2、BCAS1、APC (CC1)、MAG 和 MBP）研究了 10 个人类白质样本中少突胶质细胞、其祖细胞和髓鞘的超微结构。我们的研究结果表明，人类少突胶质细胞在人类白质中构成了一个非常异质的群体，其分化阶段呈现出可用于通过 TEM 识别它们的特征。这项研究揭示了这些细胞如何与人脑中的其他细胞相互作用，并阐明了它们与其他神经胶质细胞类型的细微特征。