In recent years, energy saving has attracted the attention of researchers due to environment, energy, and reliability issues. Energy saving due to these advantages is one of the major steps toward sustainable cities and society. In this regard, the low-voltage section of the distribution system, including buildings and public lighting systems (PLSs), has great energy-saving potential. Accordingly, the present work reviews the potential of different energy-saving options and their environmental impact on buildings of different sectors and PLSs. In addition to direct energy-saving options such as using renewable energy sources and energy-efficient luminaries, available indirect options such as transactive energy, using energy storage systems and demand response programs are reviewed. For both the building and PLS sectors, available control strategies and technologies and related energy and emission saving potential are discussed. The detailed highlights of the previous works associated with the location of each research or experimental study are given in this review study. Finally, the key findings regarding the gap in the literature of the energy saving topic are discussed. This study is influential for policy-makers to take effective actions for energy saving through existing approaches and technologies, and is beneficial for researchers of the energy saving topic.

近年来，由于环境、能源和可靠性问题，节能引起了研究人员的关注。由于这些优势，节能是迈向可持续城市和社会的主要步骤之一。在这方面，配电系统的低压部分，包括建筑物和公共照明系统（PLS），具有巨大的节能潜力。因此，目前的工作回顾了不同节能方案的潜力及其对不同部门和 PLS 的建筑的环境影响。除了直接节能选项（例如使用可再生能源和节能灯具）外，还审查了可用的间接选项，例如交互能源、使用储能系统和需求响应计划。对于建筑和 PLS 部门，讨论了可用的控制策略和技术以及相关的节能减排潜力。与每项研究或实验研究的位置相关的先前工作的详细亮点在本综述研究中给出。最后，讨论了有关节能主题文献空白的主要发现。本研究对决策者通过现有的方法和技术采取有效的节能行动具有影响力，有利于节能课题的研究人员。讨论了有关节能主题文献空白的主要发现。本研究对决策者通过现有的方法和技术采取有效的节能行动具有影响力，有利于节能课题的研究人员。讨论了有关节能主题文献空白的主要发现。本研究对决策者通过现有的方法和技术采取有效的节能行动具有影响力，有利于节能课题的研究人员。