In most fish exhibiting external fertilization, spermatozoa become motile after release into water, triggered by differences between intracellular and extracellular conditions such as osmotic pressure, ion composition, and pH. The rapid change in osmolarity initiating spermatozoon motility induces osmotic pressure, resulting in active water movement across the cell membrane. Mechanisms of ion and water transport across the plasma membrane and cell volume regulation are important in maintaining structure and functional integrity of the cell. The capacity of the fish spermatozoon plasma membrane to adapt to dramatic environmental changes is an essential prerequisite for motility and successful fertilization. Adaptation to change in external osmolality may be the basis of spermatozoon function and an indicator of sperm quality. The involvement of specific water channels (aquaporins) in cell volume regulation and motility is highly likely. The goal of this review is to describe basic mechanisms of water transport and their role in fish spermatozoon physiology, focusing on osmoresistance, cell volume regulation, motility, and survival.

在大多数表现出体外受精的鱼中，精子在释放到水中后变得能动，这是由细胞内和细胞外条件（如渗透压、离子组成和 pH 值）之间的差异触发的。启动精子运动的渗透压的快速变化会引起渗透压，从而导致水在细胞膜上的活跃运动。离子和水跨质膜转运和细胞体积调节的机制对于维持细胞的结构和功能完整性很重要。鱼精子质膜适应剧烈环境变化的能力是运动和成功受精的必要先决条件。对外部渗透压变化的适应可能是精子功能的基础和精子质量的指标。特定水通道（水通道蛋白）很可能参与细胞体积调节和运动。本综述的目的是描述水运输的基本机制及其在鱼类精子生理学中的作用，重点是渗透阻力、细胞体积调节、运动和存活。