Abstract

Bertrand Russell was a renowned thinker who has exerted great influence over the Western intellectual circles of the 20th century. In particular, his criticism and reflections on Western religious traditions have become important symbols of contemporary Enlightenment. He deepened the past scholars’ accomplishments in sociology, anthropology, and psychology into atheistic views, through which he revealed the psychological motives and social functions of the origin of religion. He analyzed the types and disadvantages of religion from the aspects of historical development, social function, and religious form, deeply criticized the dogmatism of religion and the institutional cruelty of the Catholic Church, and positively affirmed the function of religion in expressing emotion in human spiritual life. Through the analysis of Russell’s enlightening thoughts, this article points out that the origin and functions of religion most likely find expression in people’s universal “desire for knowledge.”

摘要

伯特兰·罗素是著名的思想家，对 20 世纪西方知识界产生了巨大影响。尤其是他对西方宗教传统的批判和反思，成为当代启蒙运动的重要标志。他将过去学者在社会学、人类学和心理学方面的成果深化为无神论观点，揭示了宗教起源的心理动机和社会功能。他从历史发展、社会功能、宗教形式等方面分析了宗教的种类和弊端，深刻批判了宗教的教条主义和天主教的制度性残忍，积极肯定了宗教在人类精神中表达情感的功能。生活。