The DSM-5 alternative model for the diagnosis of personality disorders (AMPD) states that self- and interpersonal (Criterion A) dysfunction is necessary to diagnose a personality disorder, qualified by maladaptive personality trait profiles (Criterion B). This study tested whether childhood maladaptive personality traits predict interpersonal dysfunction during adolescence, which further predicts lower self-functioning in young adulthood. A mixed clinical-community sample of 157 10-year-olds participated for ten years. Social problems and personality traits were rated by parents at age 10 and 12. At age 20, young adults completed 14 daily ratings of self-functioning. Traits of emotional instability and disagreeableness predicted social problems and self-problems. Social problems predicted worse self-functioning in adulthood. An indirect effect of childhood narcissistic traits on higher levels of self-functioning via lower levels of social problems was found. Results are discussed in terms of their contribution to our understanding of the AMPD from a developmental perspective.

用于诊断人格障碍 (AMPD) 的 DSM-5 替代模型指出，自我和人际关系（标准 A）功能障碍是诊断人格障碍所必需的，通过适应不良的人格特质概况（标准 B）加以限定。这项研究测试了儿童适应不良的人格特质是否可以预测青春期的人际交往障碍，这进一步预测了青年时期较低的自我功能。157 名 10 岁儿童的混合临床社区样本参与了十年。父母在 10 岁和 12 岁时对社会问题和人格特质进行评分。在 20 岁时，年轻人每天完成 14 次自我功能评分。情绪不稳定和不愉快的特征预示着社会问题和自我问题。社会问题预示着成年后的自我功能更差。发现童年自恋特征通过较低水平的社会问题对较高水平的自我功能产生间接影响。从发展的角度讨论结果对我们理解 AMPD 的贡献。