Dryland agriculture has extensive impacts on surrounding ecosystems through its unintentional provision of food and water resources to local wildlife. We analyzed the response of a predator community of jackals, wolves and foxes to land-management choices, and how that response in turn affects native gazelles and Acacia vegetation in the Arava Valley of Israel. This hyperarid region is characterized by contrasting regimes comprising privatized (Moshavim) and communal (Kibbutzim) agricultural settlements, which provides ideal conditions for evaluating how land-management differences translate into crop choices, affecting resource availability and ecosystem changes. Integrating multi-year field observations of predators and gazelles with agricultural datasets, we show that shifts in land-use strategies have cascading ecological impacts. This is evident in the association of date orchards, an expanding land use especially in Kibbutzim, with shifts in the geographical and seasonal distributions of predators. Increased predator presence due to resource availability has displaced gazelles farther from settlements, subsequently impacting Acacia seed dispersal and recruitment. Considering the global expansion of dryland agriculture, the evidence of such socio-ecological cascading effects suggests the necessity to approach agricultural management at the landscape scale in desert regions.

旱地农业无意中为当地野生动物提供食物和水资源，从而对周围的生态系统产生广泛影响。我们分析了一个由豺、狼和狐狸组成的捕食者群体对土地管理选择的反应，以及这种反应如何反过来影响以色列阿拉瓦谷的本土瞪羚和金合欢植被。这个极度干旱地区的特点是由私有化（Moshavim）和公共（Kibbutzim）农业定居点组成的对比制度，这为评估土地管理差异如何转化为作物选择、影响资源可用性和生态系统变化提供了理想条件。将捕食者和瞪羚的多年实地观察与农业数据集相结合，我们表明土地利用策略的变化具有级联的生态影响。这在枣园的关联中很明显，尤其是在基布兹，土地利用不断扩大，掠食者的地理和季节分布发生了变化。由于资源可用性而增加的捕食者存在已将瞪羚转移到远离定居点的地方，随后影响了金合欢种子的传播和补充。考虑到旱地农业的全球扩张，这种社会生态级联效应的证据表明，有必要在沙漠地区的景观尺度上进行农业管理。随后影响金合欢种子的传播和补充。考虑到旱地农业的全球扩张，这种社会生态级联效应的证据表明，有必要在沙漠地区的景观尺度上进行农业管理。随后影响金合欢种子的传播和补充。考虑到旱地农业的全球扩张，这种社会生态级联效应的证据表明，有必要在沙漠地区的景观尺度上进行农业管理。