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Constraining the response factors of an extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometer for near-molecular aerosol speciation
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-02 , DOI: 10.5194/amt-2021-125
Dongyu S. Wang , Chuan Ping Lee , Jordan E. Krechmer , Francesca Majluf , Yandong Tong , Manjula R. Canagaratna , Julia Schmale , André S. H. Prévôt , Urs Baltensperger , Josef Dommen , Imad El Haddad , Jay G. Slowik , David M. Bell

Abstract. Online characterization of aerosol composition at the near-molecular level is key to understanding chemical reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and sources under various atmospheric conditions. The recently developed extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) is capable of detecting a wide range of organic oxidation products in the particle phase in real time with minimal fragmentation. Quantification can sometimes be hindered by a lack of available commercial standards for aerosol constituents, however. Good correlations between the EESI-TOF and other aerosol speciation techniques have been reported, though no attempts have yet been made to parameterize the EESI-TOF response factor for different chemical species. Here, we report the first parameterization of the response factors of the EESI-TOF for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at the near-molecular level based on their elemental composition. SOA was formed by ozonolysis of monoterpenes or OH-oxidation of aromatics inside an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) using ammonium nitrate as seed particles. A Vocus proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer (Vocus-PTR) and a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were used to determine the gas phase molecular composition and the particle phase bulk chemical composition, respectively. The EESI response factors towards bulk SOA and the inorganic coating were constrained by intercomparison with the AMS. The highest bulk EESI response factor was observed for SOA produced from 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, followed by those produced from d-limonene and o-cresol, consistent with previous findings. The near-molecular EESI response factors were derived from intercomparisons with Vocus-PTR measurements, and were found to vary from 103 to 106 ions s−1 ppb−1, mostly within ±1 order of magnitude of their geometric mean of 104.5 ions s−1 ppb−1. For aromatic SOA components, the EESI response factors correlated with molecular weight and oxygen content, and inversely correlated with volatility. The near-molecular response factors agreed within a factor of 20 for isomers observed across the aromatics and biogenic systems. Parameterization of the near-molecular response factors based on the measured elemental formulae could reproduce the empirically determined response factor for a single VOC system to within a factor of 5 for the configuration of our mass spectrometers. Results demonstrate that standard-free quantification using EESI-TOF is possible.

中文翻译:

约束用于近分子气溶胶物种形成的萃取电喷雾电离质谱仪的响应因子

摘要。在近分子水平上在线表征气溶胶成分是了解各种大气条件下化学反应机制、动力学和来源的关键。最近开发的萃取电喷雾电离飞行时间质谱仪 (EESI-TOF) 能够实时检测颗粒相中的各种有机氧化产物,并且碎片最少。然而,由于缺乏可用的气溶胶成分商业标准,量化有时会受到阻碍。已经报告了 EESI-TOF 和其他气溶胶形态技术之间的良好相关性,但尚未尝试对不同化学物种的 EESI-TOF 响应因子进行参数化。这里,我们报告了基于其元素组成的近分子级二次有机气溶胶 (SOA) 的 EESI-TOF 响应因子的第一个参数化。SOA 是通过使用硝酸铵作为种子颗粒在氧化流动反应器 (OFR) 内通过单萜的臭氧分解或芳烃的 OH 氧化形成的。使用 Vocus 质子转移反应质谱仪 (Vocus-PTR) 和高分辨率气溶胶质谱仪 (AMS) 分别测定气相分子组成和颗粒相本体化学组成。对体 SOA 和无机涂层的 EESI 响应因子受到与 AMS 的相互比较的限制。观察到由 1,3,5-三甲苯产生的 SOA 的总体 EESI 响应因子最高,其次是由 SOA 是通过使用硝酸铵作为种子颗粒在氧化流动反应器 (OFR) 内通过单萜的臭氧分解或芳烃的 OH 氧化形成的。使用 Vocus 质子转移反应质谱仪 (Vocus-PTR) 和高分辨率气溶胶质谱仪 (AMS) 分别测定气相分子组成和颗粒相本体化学组成。对体 SOA 和无机涂层的 EESI 响应因子受到与 AMS 的相互比较的限制。观察到由 1,3,5-三甲苯产生的 SOA 的总体 EESI 响应因子最高,其次是由 SOA 是通过使用硝酸铵作为种子颗粒在氧化流动反应器 (OFR) 内通过单萜的臭氧分解或芳烃的 OH 氧化形成的。使用 Vocus 质子转移反应质谱仪 (Vocus-PTR) 和高分辨率气溶胶质谱仪 (AMS) 分别测定气相分子组成和颗粒相本体化学组成。对体 SOA 和无机涂层的 EESI 响应因子受到与 AMS 的相互比较的限制。观察到由 1,3,5-三甲苯产生的 SOA 的总体 EESI 响应因子最高,其次是由 使用 Vocus 质子转移反应质谱仪 (Vocus-PTR) 和高分辨率气溶胶质谱仪 (AMS) 分别测定气相分子组成和颗粒相本体化学组成。对体 SOA 和无机涂层的 EESI 响应因子受到与 AMS 的相互比较的限制。观察到由 1,3,5-三甲苯产生的 SOA 的总体 EESI 响应因子最高,其次是由 使用 Vocus 质子转移反应质谱仪 (Vocus-PTR) 和高分辨率气溶胶质谱仪 (AMS) 分别测定气相分子组成和颗粒相本体化学组成。对体 SOA 和无机涂层的 EESI 响应因子受到与 AMS 的相互比较的限制。观察到由 1,3,5-三甲苯产生的 SOA 的总体 EESI 响应因子最高,其次是由d -柠檬烯和邻甲酚,与之前的发现一致。近分子 EESI 响应因子来自与 Vocus-PTR 测量的相互比较,发现从 10 3到 10 6离子 s -1  ppb -1 变化,大部分在其几何平均值 10 4.5 的±1 个数量级内离子 s -1  ppb -1. 对于芳香族 SOA 组分,EESI 响应因子与分子量和氧含量相关,与挥发性呈负相关。对于在芳烃和生物成因系统中观察到的异构体,近分子响应因子一致在 20 倍以内。基于测量的元素公式的近分子响应因子的参数化可以将单个 VOC 系统的经验确定的响应因子复制到我们质谱仪配置的 5 倍以内。结果表明,使用 EESI-TOF 进行无标准定量是可能的。
更新日期:2021-06-02
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