Peatlands are significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) sinks and methane (CH₄) sources. In this study, we investigated changes in CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from topsoil (0–20 cm) to subsoil (20–40 cm) in a permafrost peatland, and the related soil microbial abundance in response to increasing temperature and soil water content by using an incubation experiment. Our results indicated that CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from the permafrost peatland are highly sensitive to temperature and soil water content. CO₂ emissions from topsoil and subsoil at 15°C were 3.36 and 2.74 times larger, respectively, compared to those at 5°C under the field moisture condition, and were 1.70 times larger under the waterlogged treatment in both topsoil and subsoil. CH₄ emissions from 0–20 to 20–40 cm soils at 15°C were 34 and 83 times larger, respectively, than those at 5°C under the original state and 17 and 32 times larger under the waterlogged treatment. These results indicated that CH₄ emissions are more sensitive than CO₂ emissions, and waterlogged conditions could decrease temperature sensitivity of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions. Microbial analyses showed that the cumulative emissions amount of CO₂ positively correlated with bacterial, fungal, and methanotroph abundances. Positive relationships were observed between CH₄ emissions and abundances of bacteria, fungi, and archaea. These findings suggested that changes in temperature and water content alter CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from permafrost peatlands through controlling abundances of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea, and methanotrophs. These variables bear importance in accurately estimating C emissions from permafrost peatlands.

中文翻译：

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永久冻土泥炭地 CO2 和 CH4 排放的温度、土壤湿度和微生物控制

泥炭地是重要的二氧化碳 (CO ₂ ) 汇和甲烷 (CH ₄ ) 来源。在本研究中，我们调查了多年冻土泥炭地表土（0-20 cm）到底土（20-40 cm）的CO ₂和 CH ₄排放变化，以及相关土壤微生物丰度对温度和土壤含水量增加的响应通过使用孵化实验。我们的结果表明，永久冻土泥炭地的CO ₂和 CH ₄排放对温度和土壤含水量高度敏感。CO ₂15℃时表土和底土的排放量分别是田间水分条件下5℃时的3.36倍和2.74倍，表土和底土浸水处理时的排放量分别是5℃时的1.70倍。0~20~20~40 cm 土壤的CH ₄排放量在15°C 下分别比5°C 原始状态下大34 倍和83 倍，在浸水处理下分别大17 和32 倍。这些结果表明CH ₄排放比CO ₂排放更敏感，淹水条件可以降低CO ₂和CH ₄排放的温度敏感性。微生物分析表明，CO ₂的累积排放量与细菌、真菌和甲烷氧化菌丰度呈正相关。在 CH ₄排放量与细菌、真菌和古细菌的丰度之间观察到正相关。这些发现表明，温度和含水量的变化通过控制土壤细菌、真菌、古细菌和甲烷氧化菌的丰度来改变永久冻土泥炭地的CO ₂和 CH ₄排放。这些变量在准确估算永久冻土泥炭地的碳排放方面具有重要意义。