The aims of this non-randomized, pre-post, pilot investigation (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03916887) were to assess: 1) feasibility, safety, and adherence of a 10-week golf program for non-golfer older adults, 2) estimated effects of the program on single- (ST) and dual-task (DT) walking, and cognition, and 3) whether findings support development of a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Eligible participants included healthy male and female non-golfers, 60–80 years, who could walk independently, swing a golf club, and received medical clearance. The program, conducted at a golf course, focused on improving physical and cognitive function, as opposed to golf performance. ST and DT walking speeds were assessed on a ProtoKinetics Walkway, and cognitive changes using the California Verbal Learning Test II, and NIH Cognitive Toolbox. Of fifteen screened and enrolled participants, fourteen (7F and 7M, 69.5 ± 6.05 yrs) completed the study. One participant sustained a work-related injury and did not complete the study. Average attendance was 94.3%; there were no golf-related adverse events. Estimated increase in physical activity was 25.5% with small Hedges g effect size (ES). Estimated increases in CVLT II composite score (11.2%) and immediate recall (12.6%), and ST (7.2%) and DT (9.1%) walking speeds occurred with medium-large ES. Increases in NIH card sorting (9.3%) and composite (7.3%) scores had small ES's. In an exit survey, participants reported improved physical function, mental and social well-being, and all planned to continue playing golf. ES estimates suggest 50 participants per group will be required to adequately power (β = 0.8; p < 0.05) a future RCT. The study was funded by the Royal & Ancient Golf Association.

这项非随机、事前、试点调查 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03916887) 的目的是评估：1) 非高尔夫球老年人 10 周高尔夫计划的可行性、安全性和依从性，2) 估计效果单 (ST) 和双任务 (DT) 行走和认知的计划，以及 3) 研究结果是否支持随机对照试验 (RCT) 的发展。

符合条件的参与者包括 60-80 岁的健康男性和女性非高尔夫球手，他们可以独立行走、挥动高尔夫球杆并获得医疗许可。该计划在高尔夫球场进行，重点是改善身体和认知功能，而不是高尔夫表现。ST 和 DT 步行速度在 ProtoKinetics Walkway 上进行评估，认知变化使用 California Verbal Learning Test II 和 NIH Cognitive Toolbox 进行评估。在经过筛选和登记的 15 名参与者中，14 名（7F 和 7M，69.5 ± 6.05 岁）完成了研究。一名参与者因工受伤而未完成研究。平均出席率为 94.3%；没有与高尔夫相关的不良事件。体力活动的估计增加为 25.5%，对冲 g 效应值 (ES) 较小。CVLT II 综合评分的估计增加 (11. 2%) 和立即回忆 (12.6%) 以及 ST (7.2%) 和 DT (9.1%) 步行速度发生在中大型 ES 中。NIH 卡片分类 (9.3%) 和综合 (7.3%) 分数的增加具有较小的 ES。在一项退出调查中，参与者报告说身体机能、心理和社会福祉都有所改善，并且都计划继续打高尔夫球。ES 估计表明，每组需要 50 名参与者才能充分支持（β = 0.8；p < 0.05）未来的 RCT。该研究由皇家古代高尔夫协会资助。ES 估计表明，每组需要 50 名参与者才能充分支持（β = 0.8；p < 0.05）未来的 RCT。该研究由皇家古代高尔夫协会资助。ES 估计表明，每组需要 50 名参与者才能充分支持（β = 0.8；p < 0.05）未来的 RCT。该研究由皇家古代高尔夫协会资助。