In order to meet the growing demand of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, enhancements in battery performance metrics are required to provide higher energy/power densities and longer cycle lives, especially for anode materials. Alloying anodes, such as Group IVA elements-based materials, are attracting increasing interest as anodes for next-generation high-performance alkali-metal-ion batteries (AMIBs) owing to their extremely high specific capacities, low working voltages, and natural abundance. Nevertheless, alloying-type anodes usually display unsatisfactory cycle life due to their intrinsic violent volumetric and structural changes during the charge–discharge process, causing mechanical fracture and exacerbating side reactions. In order to overcome these challenges, efforts have been made in recent years to manufacture multimetallic anodes that can accommodate the induced strain, thus showing high Coulomb efficiency and long cycle life. Meanwhile, much work has been conducted to understand the details of structural changes and reaction mechanisms taking place by in-situ characterization methodologies. In this paper, we review the various recent developments in multimetallic anode materials for AMIBs and shed light on optimizing the anode materials. Finally, the perspectives and future challenges in achieving the practical applications of multimetallic alloy anodes in high-energy AMIB systems are proposed.

为了满足便携式电子设备和电动汽车不断增长的需求，需要提高电池性能指标以提供更高的能量/功率密度和更长的循环寿命，尤其是对于负极材料。合金负极，例如基于 IVA 族元素的材料，由于其极高的比容量、低工作电压和自然丰度，作为下一代高性能碱金属离子电池 (AMIB) 的负极越来越受到关注。然而，合金型负极在充放电过程中由于其固有的剧烈体积和结构变化，通常显示出不令人满意的循环寿命，导致机械断裂和加剧副反应。为了克服这些挑战，近年来，人们努力制造可以适应诱导应变的多金属阳极，从而显示出高库仑效率和长循环寿命。同时，已经进行了大量工作以了解结构变化和反应机制的细节。原位表征方法。在本文中，我们回顾了用于 AMIB 的多金属负极材料的各种最新进展，并阐明了优化负极材料的方法。最后，提出了实现多金属合金阳极在高能 AMIB 系统中实际应用的前景和未来挑战。