Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) or Chinese parsley is a culinary herb with multiple medicinal effects, which is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine. It is enriched with essential oils and anti-oxidant compounds with unknown significance. To explore the untapped reservoir of Coriander, we studied the transcriptome and metabolic profiles from three developmental stages. Here, we identified 10 tyrosine metabolic pathway-related genes (TMPRGs), six porphyrins and chlorophyll metabolic pathway-related genes (PCMPRGs), and five Vitamin E metabolic pathway-related genes (VEMPRGs). These genes were associated with the early development of Coriander. Our analysis suggests that these pathways are involved in the production of critical phenolic metabolites. Furthermore, we constructed the interaction network between these pathway-related genes and transcription factors (TFs), which supported the regulatory pathways for phenolic metabolites. Interestingly, we identified several nutritional or medicinally relevant metabolites, including 59 phenols, two polyamines, 12 alkaloids, and one terpenoid. The higher concentrations of metabolites were from caffeic acid, agmatine, and its derivatives. We found higher levels of caffeic acid and agmatine at 30 days compared to 60 or 90 days. This study provides evidence to stimulate further investigation of the role of these metabolites in medicinal and nutritional research.

芫荽（Coriander）或香菜是一种具有多种药用功效的烹饪药草，广泛用于烹饪和传统医学。它富含精油和未知意义的抗氧化化合物。为了探索未开发的香菜库，我们研究了三个发育阶段的转录组和代谢谱。在这里，我们鉴定了 10 个酪氨酸代谢途径相关基因 ( TMPRGs )、6 个卟啉和叶绿素代谢途径相关基因 ( PCMPRGs ) 和 5 个维生素 E 代谢途径相关基因 ( VEMPRGs )）。这些基因与香菜的早期发育有关。我们的分析表明，这些途径参与了关键酚类代谢物的产生。此外，我们构建了这些通路相关基因和转录因子（TFs）之间的相互作用网络，支持酚类代谢物的调控通路。有趣的是，我们确定了几种营养或医学相关的代谢物，包括 59 种酚、两种多胺、12 种生物碱和一种萜类化合物。较高浓度的代谢物来自咖啡酸、胍丁胺及其衍生物。与 60 或 90 天相比，我们发现 30 天时咖啡酸和丁胺的含量更高。这项研究提供了证据，以刺激进一步研究这些代谢物在医学和营养研究中的作用。