Previous studies indicated that boreal spring North Atlantic horseshoe-like (NAH) sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern has a significant impact on the surface air temperature (SAT) variation over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia via an atmospheric wave train. This study investigates the connection of springtime NAH SST anomaly and the Eurasian SAT variation in thirty-two coupled climate models that participated in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Most of the CMIP5 models simulate well the spatial pattern of SST anomalies in the North Atlantic related to the spring NAH SST, but overestimate the spatial standard deviation. There exists large spreads in the connection of the spring NAH SST anomaly pattern and the Eurasian SAT variation among the CMIP5 models. The models that capture the observed spring NAH SST-Eurasian SAT connection can well reproduce the observed atmospheric wave train, in particular, with a marked anticyclonic anomaly over north Europe and a cyclonic anomaly over central Eurasia. This wave train results in above-normal SAT over west Europe and eastern Eurasia and below-normal SAT over central Eurasia. By contrast, the models that fail to reproduce the spring NAH SST-related Eurasian SAT anomalies show limitations in simulating the atmospheric wave train. Further analysis suggests that the models with larger climatological westerly winds over the mid-latitude North Atlantic and high-latitude Eurasia as well as lower climatological SST in the tropical northern Atlantic have a better ability in simulating the observed atmospheric wave train over the North Atlantic and Eurasia and thus perform better in simulating the spring NAH SST-Eurasian SAT connection.

先前的研究表明，北方春季北大西洋马蹄形 (NAH) 海面温度 (SST) 异常模式通过大气波列对欧亚大陆中高纬度地区的地表气温 (SAT) 变化产生重大影响。本研究调查了参与耦合模式比对项目 (CMIP5) 第五阶段的 32 个耦合气候模式中春季 NAH SST 异常与欧亚 SAT 变化之间的联系。大多数CMIP5模型很好地模拟了与春季NAH海温相关的北大西洋海温异常的空间格局，但高估了空间标准偏差。CMIP5 模型间春季 NAH 海温异常模式与欧亚 SAT 变异的联系存在较大差异。捕获观测到的春季 NAH SST-欧亚 SAT 连接的模型可以很好地再现观测到的大气波列，特别是北欧有明显的反气旋异常，欧亚大陆中部有气旋异常。该波列导致西欧和欧亚大陆东部的 SAT 高于正常水平，而欧亚大陆中部的 SAT 低于正常水平。相比之下，未能重现春季 NAH SST 相关欧亚 SAT 异常的模型在模拟大气波列方面存在局限性。