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Web databases of feather photographs are useful tools for avian morphometry studies
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-02 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7600 Juan E Malo 1, 2 , Cristina Mata 1, 2
中文翻译：
羽毛照片的网络数据库是鸟类形态测量研究的有用工具
更新日期：2021-06-22
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-02 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7600 Juan E Malo 1, 2 , Cristina Mata 1, 2
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- Wing area, wing loading, and aspect ratio are key variables for studies of avian comparative ecology, despite the complexity of measuring wing characteristics in living and museum specimens. The systematic databases of feather photographs available on the Internet may offer an alternative way of obtaining such morphometric data. Here, we evaluate whether measurements of scanned feathers from web photograph databases may offer reliable estimates of avian morphometry.
- Published data on wing area were obtained for 317 bird species and feather measurements from web photograph databases for 225 of them. A variable termed “lift generation area,” a proxy for wing area, was calculated for each species on the basis of the mean length of the five distal secondary feathers and wingspan data from literature. The fit between this proposed variable and data extracted from the literature was examined by correlation, employing linear regression to explore the lack of fit among species.
- “Lift generation area” proved to be highly informative as a proxy for wing area for the study species as a whole (R2 > .98). Discrepancies observed between species were strongly negatively associated with the size of the original sample used to calculate wing area (p = .001) and, to a lesser extent, with bird size (p = .023), but not with aspect ratio. It was also found that the mean value of the mismatch between “lift generation area” and wing area (13.1%) among the study species as a whole was of similar magnitude to that found between sources of bibliographic wing area data for the 64 species for which two published estimates of this variable were available (15.3%).
- We conclude that measurements made from feather photograph databases are reliable for use in studies of avian comparative ecology, enabling the inclusion of biomechanical parameters of many more species than featured at present.
中文翻译：
羽毛照片的网络数据库是鸟类形态测量研究的有用工具
尽管测量活体和博物馆标本的翅膀特征很复杂，但翅膀面积、翅膀载荷和展弦比是鸟类比较生态学研究的关键变量。互联网上可用的羽毛照片的系统数据库可能提供获取此类形态测量数据的替代方法。在这里，我们评估从网络照片数据库扫描羽毛的测量是否可以提供鸟类形态测量的可靠估计。
已发布的 317 种鸟类的翅膀面积数据和其中 225 种鸟类的网络照片数据库的羽毛测量数据。根据文献中五个远端次生羽毛的平均长度和翼展数据，计算每个物种的一个称为“升力产生面积”的变量，它代表翅膀面积。通过相关性检查了所提出的变量与从文献中提取的数据之间的拟合度，并采用线性回归来探索物种之间不拟合的情况。
事实证明，“升力产生面积”作为整个研究物种的机翼面积的代表信息量很大（ R 2 > .98）。物种之间观察到的差异与用于计算翅膀面积的原始样本大小 ( p = .001) 呈强烈负相关，并且在较小程度上与鸟类大小 ( p = .023) 呈负相关，但与纵横比无关。研究还发现，整个研究物种的“升力产生面积”和翅膀面积（13.1%）之间的不匹配平均值与 64 个物种的书目翅膀面积数据来源之间的不匹配程度相似。其中有两个已发表的对该变量的估计值（15.3%）。
我们得出的结论是，根据羽毛照片数据库进行的测量对于鸟类比较生态学研究来说是可靠的，从而能够包含比目前更多物种的生物力学参数。
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