Augmentative biological control has experienced a remarkable success, particularly in protected crops. Yet integrated pest management (IPM) still requires corrective treatments to manage some pests, which may result in detrimental effects on biological control agents (BCAs). Hence, the choice of selective pesticides is crucial for an effective pest management. A complementary approach is the genetic improvement of BCAs resistant to some key pesticides, allowing their joint use in IPM. The predator Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is widely introduced in protected crops to supress thrips and other small pests. Spinosad is a naturally derived biopesticide and a key compound in both conventional and organic crops. However, spinosad has been reported as slightly to moderately harmful to O. laevigatus. Here we explored and exploited the intra-specific variation in spinosad susceptibility in wild and commercial populations of O. laevigatus to select a spinosad-resistant strain. We found a 48.8-fold variation in susceptibility to spinosad among 35 populations, obtaining a lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of 166.3 mg l⁻¹ for the baseline. A spinosad-resistant strain (SPI38) was successfully obtained (LC₅₀ = 2110.0 mg l⁻¹). The resistance was stable for ten generations without selection pressure and was expressed in all life stages, particularly from the 3^rd nymphal instar to adult. SPI38 showed cross-resistance to spinetoram and inhibitors of the detoxification enzymes were not able to restore susceptibility, which suggest a target-site resistance mechanism. The resistance achieved may be sufficient to allow survival of adults and nymphs of O. laevigatus exposed to field applications of spinosad across the cropping season.

增强生物防治取得了显着的成功，特别是在受保护作物方面。然而，综合虫害管理 (IPM) 仍然需要采取纠正措施来管理某些害虫，这可能会对生物防治剂 (BCA) 产生不利影响。因此，选择选择性杀虫剂对于有效的害虫管理至关重要。一种补充方法是对某些关键农药具有抗性的 BCA 进行遗传改良，允许它们在 IPM 中联合使用。捕食者Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (半翅目：Anthocoridae) 被广泛引入受保护作物中以抑制蓟马和其他小型害虫。多杀菌素是一种天然来源的生物农药，是传统作物和有机作物中的关键化合物。然而，据报道多杀菌素对人体有轻微到中度的危害。O. laevigatus。在这里，我们探索并利用O. laevigatus野生和商业种群中多杀菌素易感性的种内变异来选择多杀菌素抗性菌株。我们发现在 35 个群体中对多杀菌素的敏感性有 48.8 倍的变化，获得了166.3 mg l ^-1的基线致死浓度 (LC ₅₀ ) 。成功获得了多杀菌素抗性菌株（SPI38）（LC ₅₀  = 2110.0 mg l ^-1）。电阻是为无选择压力十代稳定，在所有生命阶段中表达，特别是从3^次若虫龄到成虫。SPI38 显示出对多杀菌素的交叉耐药性，解毒酶的抑制剂不能恢复敏感性，这表明存在靶位点耐药机制。获得的抗性可能足以让O. laevigatus的成虫和若虫在整个种植季节暴露于多杀菌素的田间应用中存活。