Significance: Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) provides in vivo quantification of tissue chromophores such as oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin (HbO2 and HHb, respectively). These parameters have been shown to be useful for predicting neoadjuvant treatment response in breast cancer patients. However, most DOI devices designed for the breast are nonportable, making frequent longitudinal monitoring during treatment a challenge. Furthermore, hemodynamics related to the respiratory cycle are currently unexplored in the breast and may have prognostic value. Aim: To design, fabricate, and validate a high optode-density wearable continuous wave diffuse optical probe for the monitoring of breathing hemodynamics in breast tissue. Approach: The probe has a rigid-flex design with 16 dual-wavelength sources and 16 detectors. Performance was characterized on tissue-simulating phantoms, and validation was performed through flow phantom and cuff occlusion measurements. The breasts of N = 4 healthy volunteers were measured while performing a breathing protocol. Results: The probe has 512 unique source–detector (S-D) pairs that span S-D separations of 10 to 54 mm. It exhibited good performance characteristics: μa drift of 0.34%/h, μa precision of 0.063%, and mean SNR ≥ 24 dB up to 41 mm S-D separation. Absorption contrast was detected in flow phantoms at depths exceeding 28 mm. A cuff occlusion measurement confirmed the ability of the probe to track expected hemodynamics in vivo. Breast measurements on healthy volunteers during paced breathing revealed median signal-to-motion artifact ratios ranging from 8.1 to 8.7 dB. Median ΔHbO2 and ΔHHb amplitudes ranged from 0.39 to 0.67 μM and 0.08 to 0.12 μM, respectively. Median oxygen saturations at the respiratory rate ranged from 82% to 87%. Conclusions: A wearable diffuse optical probe has been designed and fabricated for the measurement of breast tissue hemodynamics. This device is capable of quantifying breathing-related hemodynamics in healthy breast tissue.

中文翻译：

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用于监测乳腺组织中节奏呼吸血流动力学的高光极密度可穿戴漫射光学探头

意义：漫射光学成像 (DOI) 提供了组织生色团的体内量化，例如氧合和脱氧血红蛋白（分别为 HbO2 和 HHb）。这些参数已被证明可用于预测乳腺癌患者的新辅助治疗反应。然而，大多数专为乳房设计的 DOI 设备是非便携式的，这使得在治疗期间进行频繁的纵向监测成为一项挑战。此外，与呼吸循环相关的血流动力学目前尚未在乳房中进行探索，可能具有预后价值。目的：设计、制造和验证一种高光极密度可穿戴连续波漫射光学探头，用于监测乳房组织中的呼吸血流动力学。方法：探头采用刚柔结合设计，具有 16 个双波长源和 16 个检测器。在组织模拟体模上表征性能，并通过流动体模和袖带闭塞测量进行验证。在执行呼吸协议时测量了 N = 4 名健康志愿者的乳房。结果：该探头具有 512 个独特的源 - 检测器 (SD) 对，其 SD 间距为 10 至 54 毫米。它表现出良好的性能特点：μa 漂移为 0.34%/h，μa 精度为 0.063%，平均 SNR ≥ 24 dB，直至 41 mm SD 分离。在深度超过 28 毫米的流动体模中检测到吸收对比。袖带阻塞测量证实了探针在体内跟踪预期血流动力学的能力。在有节奏的呼吸期间对健康志愿者的乳房测量显示，信号与运动伪影比的中值范围为 8.1 至 8.7 dB。中值 ΔHbO2 和 ΔHHb 振幅范围为 0。分别为 39 至 0.67 μM 和 0.08 至 0.12 μM。呼吸频率下的中位氧饱和度范围为 82% 至 87%。结论：设计并制造了一种可穿戴的漫射光学探头，用于测量乳腺组织血流动力学。该设备能够量化健康乳房组织中与呼吸相关的血流动力学。