To date, no studies have been conducted on the main and interaction effects of joint angles on maximum muscle activity in different driving load scenarios. To investigate the influence of joint angle variability on the muscular system, this study calculated maximum muscle activity during three static driving load scenarios through the use of musculoskeletal inverse dynamic simulation. Six joint angles in sagittal plane were varied with reference to reported driving posture angles in the literature. A digital manikin with a height of 180 cm and weight of 70 kg was used with simple muscles and a minimum fatigue criterion for muscle activation optimization. Three static driving load scenarios were simulated: sitting with no external forces except gravity, steering, and pedaling operation. Prediction models were developed for each driving load scenario using Least Squares Support Vector Machine. Finally, the Pareto optimization method was applied for multi-objective optimization combining the three developed models.

The results indicate that the developed models can be used for the prediction of simulated maximum muscle activity. The six joint angles explain a higher percentage of maximum muscle activity variance in the steering and pedaling operation scenarios compared to the sitting scenario. The six joint angles differ in their main and interaction effects on maximum muscle activity depending on the driving load scenario. The optimum joint angle values of the driving posture depend on the driving load scenarios. The different driving postures based on minimum maximum muscle activity are presented for the three driving load scenarios.

Relevance to industry

The results of this study can be utilized in establishing driving posture simulation models to improve vehicle interiors during the early development stage. Furthermore, the results of this study can provide base data for the development of a tool for real driving posture evaluation of maximum muscle activity.

中文翻译：

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关节角度变化和不同驾驶负荷情景对最大肌肉活动的影响——驾驶姿势模拟研究

迄今为止，还没有研究关节角度对不同驾驶负荷情况下最大肌肉活动的主要影响和相互作用。为了研究关节角度变异性对肌肉系统的影响，本研究通过使用肌肉骨骼逆动态模拟计算了三种静态驱动负载情况下的最大肌肉活动。参考文献中报道的驾驶姿势角度，矢状面中的六个关节角度发生变化。使用高度为 180 厘米、重量为 70 公斤的数字人体模型与简单的肌肉和肌肉激活优化的最小疲劳标准。模拟了三种静态驱动负载场景：除了重力、转向和踏板操作外，没有外力的坐着。使用最小二乘支持向量机为每个驾驶负载场景开发了预测模型。最后，将帕累托优化方法应用于结合三个开发模型的多目标优化。

结果表明，所开发的模型可用于预测模拟的最大肌肉活动。与坐姿相比，六个关节角度解释了在转向和踩踏操作场景中最大肌肉活动差异的百分比更高。根据驾驶负荷情况，六个关节角度对最大肌肉活动的主要和相互作用影响不同。驾驶姿势的最佳关节角度值取决于驾驶负载情况。针对三种驾驶负载情况，呈现了基于最小最大肌肉活动的不同驾驶姿势。

与行业的相关性

本研究的结果可用于建立驾驶姿势仿真模型，以在早期开发阶段改善车辆内饰。此外，这项研究的结果可以为开发用于最大肌肉活动的真实驾驶姿势评估工具的开发提供基础数据。