Mantle plumes can be recognized by their magmatic expression as large igneous provinces (LIPs). However, identification of plumes in old, structurally complicated fold belts is particularly difficult due to deformation, which obscures the LIP record. On the other hand, fold belt regions are particularly important in the search for LIPs for at least three reasons: 1) they can represent prior plate margins associated with plume-generated continental breakup and LIP magmatism; 2) the deformation may expose basement rocks (containing LIP units) covered by younger sedimentary rocks elsewhere in the continental block; and 3) they preserve deformed remnants of oceanic LIPs and hot spot chains accreted during ocean closure.

Herein we provide an initial survey of the plume /LIP record of one of the world’s great orogenic belts, the Ural fold belt. The following events are identified: The 1750 Ma Navysh event is coeval with units in Sarmatia and Karelia (other parts of Baltica) and on other crustal blocks. The 1385 Ma Mashak event is associated with a range of ore deposit types, is part of Nuna supercontinent breakup, and is postulated to have had a global environmental impact linked to the Calymmian-Ectasian boundary. The ca. 720 Ma Igonino event can be approximately matched with 720 Ma LIPs in northern Laurentia, and elsewhere, which can be linked to the onset of the Sturtian glaciation (Tonian-Cryogenian boundary). The ca. 480 Ma Kidryasovo and 450 Ma Ushat events have age matches in Siberia and other crustal blocks; the ages approximately match the end-Cambrian and end-Ordovician periods, respectively. The 370 Ma Timaiz event belongs to the c. 370 Ma Kola-Dniepr LIP which is widespread in Baltica, has an age match in Siberia and collectively can be linked with the end Devonian period. An Early Carboniferous (350–320 Ma) event follows island-arc/continent collision and slab break-up in the Magnitogorsk zone. Three orogenic/postorogenic plume intraplate episodes are also described, the ca. 285 Ma Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granite complex, the 308–304 Ma Kalymbaevsky lamproite complex and units that are coeval with the 251 Ma Siberian Traps LIP, linked to the Ural-Siberian superplume and with the end Permian mass extinction.

地幔柱可以通过它们的岩浆表达被识别为大型火成岩省（LIP）。然而，由于变形，在旧的、结构复杂的褶皱带中识别羽流特别困难，这掩盖了 LIP 记录。另一方面，褶皱带区域在寻找 LIP 的过程中尤其重要，原因至少有以下三个：1）它们可以代表与羽流产生的大陆破裂和 LIP 岩浆活动相关的先前板块边缘；2) 变形可能会暴露陆块其他地方被较年轻沉积岩覆盖的基底岩（包含 LIP 单元）；3) 它们保留了海洋闭合过程中形成的大洋 LIP 和热点链的变形残余。

在此，我们对世界上最大的造山带之一乌拉尔褶皱带的羽流/LIP 记录进行了初步调查。确定了以下事件： 1750 Ma Navysh 事件与萨尔马提亚和卡累利阿（波罗的海的其他部分）以及其他地壳块的单位同时期。1385 Ma Mashak 事件与一系列矿床类型有关，是 Nuna 超大陆分裂的一部分，据推测对全球环境产生了与 Calymmian-Ectasian 边界相关的影响。约。720 Ma Igonino 事件可以与 Laurentia 北部和其他地方的 720 Ma LIP 近似匹配，这可以与 Sturtian 冰川作用（托尼安-Cryogenian 边界）的开始有关。约。480 Ma Kidryasovo 和 450 Ma Ushat 事件在西伯利亚和其他地壳块中具有年龄匹配；年龄分别与寒武纪末和奥陶纪末大致相符。370 Ma Timaiz 事件属于 c。370 Ma Kola-Dniep​​r LIP 广泛分布于波罗的海，在西伯利亚有一个年龄匹配，总体上可以与泥盆纪末期联系起来。早石炭纪（350-320 Ma）事件发生在马格尼托哥尔斯克区的岛弧/大陆碰撞和板块破裂之后。还描述了三个造山/造山后羽状板内事件，大约。285 Ma Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granite complex, 308–304 Ma Kalymbaevsky 菱镁矿复合体和单元与 251 Ma Siberian Traps LIP 同期，与乌拉尔-西伯利亚超羽流和二叠纪末大灭绝有关。370 Ma Kola-Dniep​​r LIP 广泛分布于波罗的海，在西伯利亚有一个年龄匹配，总体上可以与泥盆纪末期联系起来。早石炭纪（350-320 Ma）事件发生在马格尼托哥尔斯克区的岛弧/大陆碰撞和板块破裂之后。还描述了三个造山/造山后羽状板内事件，大约。285 Ma Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granite complex, 308–304 Ma Kalymbaevsky 菱镁矿复合体和单元与 251 Ma Siberian Traps LIP 同期，与乌拉尔-西伯利亚超羽流和二叠纪末大灭绝有关。370 Ma Kola-Dniep​​r LIP 广泛分布于波罗的海，在西伯利亚有一个年龄匹配，总体上可以与泥盆纪末期联系起来。早石炭纪（350-320 Ma）事件发生在马格尼托哥尔斯克地区的岛弧/大陆碰撞和板块破裂之后。还描述了三个造山/造山后羽状板内事件，大约。285 Ma Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granite complex, 308–304 Ma Kalymbaevsky 菱镁矿复合体和单元与 251 Ma Siberian Traps LIP 同期，与乌拉尔-西伯利亚超羽流和二叠纪末大灭绝有关。还描述了三个造山/造山后羽状板内事件，大约。285 Ma Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granoite complex, 308–304 Ma Kalymbaevsky 菱镁矿复合体和单元与 251 Ma Siberian Traps LIP 同期，与乌拉尔-西伯利亚超羽流和二叠纪末大灭绝有关。还描述了三个造山/造山后羽状板内事件，大约。285 Ma Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granite complex, 308–304 Ma Kalymbaevsky 菱镁矿复合体和单元与 251 Ma Siberian Traps LIP 同期，与乌拉尔-西伯利亚超羽流和二叠纪末大灭绝有关。