ABSTRACT

National Innovation Systems are found to be impacted by different cultural facets of the referent ecosystem; yet the findings are conflicting. This study undertakes a cross-country comparison to delineate the antecedents of innovativeness at the societal level of analysis. Bayesian modelling is adopted to draw robust references from the sample data for 56 countries. The Global Innovation Index rankings report is used to capture national innovativeness. Arguments are drawn from micro-level psychological and macro-level cultural differences discourses. Subsequently, theory is proposed linking Uncertainty Avoidance, Performance Orientation and Future Orientation of a society as predictors of innovativeness. We find strong evidence that only Uncertainty Avoidance is the most likely and proximal predictor to national innovativeness. The effects of both Performance Orientation and Future Orientation on national innovation are mediated by Uncertainty Avoidance. The results have implications for managing multi-country innovation projects and in policy-making to spur national innovation.

摘要

发现国家创新系统受到参考生态系统不同文化方面的影响；然而研究结果是相互矛盾的。本研究进行了跨国比较，以在社会分析层面描述创新的前因。采用贝叶斯模型从 56 个国家的样本数据中提取可靠的参考。全球创新指数排名报告用于衡量国家创新能力。论据来自微观层面的心理和宏观层面的文化差异话语。随后，提出了将社会的不确定性避免、绩效导向和未来导向作为创新性预测指标的理论。我们发现强有力的证据表明，只有避免不确定性才是国家创新最可能和最接近的预测因素。绩效导向和未来导向对国家创新的影响是通过不确定性避免来调节的。研究结果对管理多国创新项目和刺激国家创新的政策制定具有重要意义。