This study developed a method of improving Seoul's thermal environment by focusing on sensible heat flux and types of land-use and cover to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. First, the relationships between the sensible heat flux in summer and (a) the land cover ratio, and (b) the heights and densities of buildings in different land-use zoning districts were identified and analysed. The rationale for improving the thermal environment was then considered based on the physical relationships among heat, space, and the thermal-environment type. Energy budget distribution data were then used to identify an optimised land-use plan to mitigate the UHI effect. Spatial data describing the physical elements in land-use zoning were then generated using high-resolution images of the sensible heat flux distribution and directly correlated to existing land-use and thermal comfort. Finally, a K-means clustering analysis was employed to determine the unfavourable and favourable thermal areas in each zoning district based on correlated sensible heat flux data. The results indicate that the highest concentration of unfavourable thermal areas of all studied zoning districts was neighbourhood commercial districts, which accounted for 9.9% of the total identified unfavourable thermal areas, whereas the lowest level of sensible heat flux was observed in single-family residential areas. This study thus developed a basis for a spatial planning framework that can be used to improve the thermal conditions of cities and encourage summer energy savings using zoning-based requirements.

本研究开发了一种通过关注显热通量以及土地利用和覆盖类型以减轻城市热岛 (UHI) 效应来改善首尔热环境的方法。首先，确定并分析了夏季感热通量与（a）土地覆盖率和（b）不同土地利用分区的建筑物高度和密度之间的关系。然后根据热量、空间和热环境类型之间的物理关系考虑改善热环境的基本原理。然后使用能源预算分布数据来确定优化的土地利用计划，以减轻 UHI 效应。然后使用感热通量分布的高分辨率图像生成描述土地利用分区中物理要素的空间数据，并与现有土地利用和热舒适度直接相关。最后，基于相关的感热通量数据，采用 K 均值聚类分析来确定每个分区的不利和有利热区。结果表明，所有研究分区中不利热区集中度最高的是邻里商业区，占确定的不利热区总数的 9.9%，而在独户住宅区观察到的感热通量最低.