Purpose of Review

Untreated wastewater discharge can significantly and negatively impact the state of the environment. Rapid industrialization and economic development have directly contributed to land and water pollution resulting from the application of many chemicals such as organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and industrial reagents. The removal of these chemicals before effluent discharge is crucial for environmental protection. This review aims to explore the importance of functionalized materials in the preparation of biocatalytic systems and consider their application in eliminating water pollutants.

Recent Findings

Wastewater treatment methods can be classified into three groups: (i) chemical (e.g., chemical oxidation and ozonation), (ii) physical (e.g., membrane separation and ion exchange), and (iii) biological processes. Biological treatment is the most widely used method due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In particular, the use of immobilized enzymes has recently become more attractive as a result of scientific progress in advanced material synthesis. The selection of an appropriate support plays an important role in the preparation of such biologically active systems. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of various materials for enzyme immobilization in the purification of water.

Summary

This review identifies and discusses different biocatalytic systems used in the enzymatic degradation of various water pollutants. Materials functionalized by specific groups can serve as good support matrices for enzyme immobilization, providing chemical and thermal stability to support catalytic reactions. Enzymatic biocatalysis converts the pollutants into simpler products, which are usually less toxic than their parents. Due to immobilization, the enzyme can be used over multiple cycles to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment. Future studies in this field should focus on developing new platforms for enzyme immobilization in order to improve degradation efficiency.

中文翻译：

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功能化材料作为废水处理中酶固定化的多功能平台

审查目的

未经处理的废水排放会对环境状况产生显着的负面影响。快速的工业化和经济发展直接导致了由于有机染料、药物和工业试剂等许多化学品的应用而造成的土地和水污染。在排放废水之前去除这些化学物质对环境保护至关重要。本综述旨在探讨功能化材料在制备生物催化系统中的重要性，并考虑其在消除水污染物中的应用。

最近的发现

废水处理方法可分为三组：(i) 化学（例如，化学氧化和臭氧化），(ii) 物理（例如，膜分离和离子交换），以及 (iii) 生物过程。生物处理是最广泛使用的方法，因为它具有成本效益和生态友好性。特别是，由于先进材料合成的科学进步，固定化酶的使用最近变得更具吸引力。选择合适的载体在制备此类生物活性系统中起着重要作用。最近的研究已经证明了在水的净化中使用各种酶固定化材料。

概括

本综述确定并讨论了用于酶促降解各种水污染物的不同生物催化系统。由特定基团官能化的材料可以作为酶固定化的良好支持基质，提供化学和热稳定性以支持催化反应。酶促生物催化将污染物转化为更简单的产品，这些产品的毒性通常低于其母体。由于固定化，酶可以多次循环使用，以降低废水处理成本。该领域的未来研究应侧重于开发酶固定化的新平台，以提高降解效率。