Early Triassic temperatures were some of the hottest of the Phanerozoic, sea-surface temperatures approached 40°C, with profound consequences for both the sedimentology and faunal distributions in the oceans. However, the impact of these temperatures in terrestrial settings is unclear. This study examines shallow lacustrine sediments from the Lower Triassic succession of North China. These consist of diverse fluvial to shallow lacustrine sandstones and also spectacular, coarse conglomerates composed of diverse, intraformational clasts reworked from the interbedded sediments. The conglomerate beds can show inverse grading and high angle, flat-pebble imbrication in their lower part and vertically orientated flat pebbles in their upper part. The cobbles include cemented and reworked conglomerate intraclasts and sandstone concentrically-laminated concretions that record multi-step histories of growth and reworking, pointing to rapid cementation of the sandy lake bed (likely facilitated by high temperatures). The conglomerates record frequent, high-energy events that were capable of brecciating a lithified lake bed and transporting cobbles in wave-influenced sediment-gravity flows. Initially, powerful oscillatory flows brecciated and deflated the lake bed and subsequently helped to sustain turbulence during short-distance lateral flow. It is possible that hurricanes, originating from the adjacent hyper-warm, Palaeo-Tethyan Ocean travelled into the major lakes of the North China continent during the Early Triassic.

中文翻译：

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暴风雨的温室湖中不寻常的碎屑内砾岩：早三叠世华北盆地

早三叠世的温度是显生宙中最热的温度之一，海面温度接近 40°C，对海洋中的沉积学和动物群分布产生了深远的影响。然而，这些温度对陆地环境的影响尚不清楚。本研究考察了华北下三叠统层序的浅层湖相沉积物。这些包括不同的河流到浅湖砂岩，还有壮观的粗砾岩，由不同的地层内碎屑组成，这些碎屑由互层沉积物改造而成。砾岩层下部呈逆级配、大角度、扁平卵石叠瓦状，上部呈垂直排列的扁平卵石。鹅卵石包括胶结和再加工的砾岩内碎屑和砂岩同心层叠的结核，它们记录了多步生长和再加工的历史，表明沙质湖床的快速胶结（可能是由高温促成的）。这些砾岩记录了频繁的、高能量的事件，这些事件能够使岩石化的湖床形成角砾岩，并在波浪影响的沉积物重力流中输送鹅卵石。最初，强大的振荡流使湖床角砾化和泄气，随后在短距离侧向流期间帮助维持湍流。在早三叠世期间，源自邻近的超温暖古特提斯洋的飓风有可能进入华北大陆的主要湖泊。指向沙质湖床的快速胶结（可能是高温促成的）。这些砾岩记录了频繁的、高能量的事件，这些事件能够使岩石化的湖床形成角砾岩，并在波浪影响的沉积物重力流中运输鹅卵石。最初，强大的振荡流使湖床角砾化和泄气，随后在短距离侧向流期间帮助维持湍流。在早三叠世期间，源自邻近的超温暖古特提斯洋的飓风有可能进入华北大陆的主要湖泊。指向沙质湖床的快速胶结（可能是高温促成的）。这些砾岩记录了频繁的、高能量的事件，这些事件能够使岩石化的湖床形成角砾岩，并在波浪影响的沉积物重力流中运输鹅卵石。最初，强大的振荡流使湖床角砾化和泄气，随后在短距离侧向流期间帮助维持湍流。在早三叠世期间，源自邻近的超温暖古特提斯洋的飓风有可能进入华北大陆的主要湖泊。能够使岩石化的湖床角砾化并在波浪影响的沉积物重力流中运输鹅卵石的高能事件。最初，强大的振荡流使湖床角砾化和泄气，随后在短距离侧向流期间帮助维持湍流。在早三叠世期间，源自邻近的超温暖古特提斯洋的飓风有可能进入华北大陆的主要湖泊。能够使岩石化的湖床角砾化并在波浪影响的沉积物重力流中运输鹅卵石的高能事件。最初，强大的振荡流使湖床角砾化和泄气，随后在短距离侧向流期间帮助维持湍流。在早三叠世期间，源自邻近的超温暖古特提斯洋的飓风有可能进入华北大陆的主要湖泊。