Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) which is infecting around one-third of the world population. The majority of individuals develop latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), but only 10% of LTBI individuals develop active TB. Household contacts (HHC) of TB patients are 10-60 times more likely to develop the disease than non exposed individuals. Dendritic cells strengthen the immune response against M. tb through the stimulation of CD4⁺T cells, which differentiate into different types of T helper cells (Th) such as Th1, Th2 and Th17 lineages. Th17 cells play an important role in coordinating pulmonary immune defence and enhance the expression of cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22), chemokines and antimicrobial peptides that lead to phagocytosis of M. tb. Previous studies have reported that Th17 polymorphisms are associated with TB susceptibility. In this review, we focused on the immuno-genetic importance of Th17 in TB and screening the HHC

中文翻译：

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Th17 在结核病易感性中的免疫遗传重要性

结核病是一种由结核分枝杆菌 (M. tb)引起的高度传染性疾病，世界上约有三分之一的人口正在感染该病。大多数个体发展为潜伏性结核病感染 (LTBI)，但只有 10% 的 LTBI 个体发展为活动性结核病。结核病患者的家庭接触者 (HHC) 比未接触者患该病的可能性高 10-60 倍。树突状细胞通过刺激 CD4 ⁺增强针对结核分枝杆菌的免疫反应T 细胞，可分化为不同类型的 T 辅助细胞 (Th)，例如 Th1、Th2 和 Th17 谱系。Th17 细胞在协调肺免疫防御和增强细胞因子（IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-21 和 IL-22）、趋化因子和抗微生物肽的表达方面发挥重要作用，这些肽导致M. tb 的吞噬作用。先前的研究报告称，Th17 多态性与结核病易感性相关。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 Th17 在 TB 中的免疫遗传重要性并筛选 HHC