The results of an experimental study of breakdown of a cone-to-plane gap, filled with nitrogen at a pressure of 12.5–400 kPa at a negative polarity, and its numerical simulation by the XOOPIC code are presented. The formation of a diffuse discharge is observed within the entire range of pressures. At the nitrogen pressures of up 200 kPa, a large-diameter streamer is formed in the gap. At higher pressure, two streamers of smaller diameters are observed to form. At low nitrogen pressures, the streamer starts forming at a certain distance from the cathode. The numerical simulation demonstrates that under these conditions the electrons rapidly leave the near-cathode region due to the high reduced electric field strength. The excitation of nitrogen molecules is taken into account in the simulation. Using the R_391/394 ratio of the emission intensities from the bands of the N₂⁺ molecular ion and the N₂ molecule, the dynamics of the electron temperature T_e and the reduced electric field strength E/p in the plasma are determined. The streamer velocity is determined from the propagation velocity of the R_391/394 maximum along the gap. The results are compared with the numerical simulation results.

介绍了在负极性压力为 12.5-400 kPa 下充入氮气的锥面间隙击穿的实验研究结果，以及通过 XOOPIC 代码对其进行的数值模拟。在整个压力范围内观察到扩散放电的形成。在高达 200 kPa 的氮气压力下，间隙中形成大直径流光。在更高的压力下，观察到形成两个较小直径的流光。在低氮气压力下，流光开始在距阴极一定距离处形成。数值模拟表明，在这些条件下，由于电场强度降低，电子迅速离开近阴极区域。在模拟中考虑了氮分子的激发。使用 R _391/394确定来自N ₂ ⁺分子离子和N ₂分子带的发射强度的比率、电子温度T _e的动力学和等离子体中降低的电场强度E/p。流注速度由 R _391/394最大值沿间隙的传播速度确定。结果与数值模拟结果进行了比较。