To reduce carbon emission in the transportation sector, there is currently a steady move taking place to an electrified transportation system. This brings about various issues for which a promising solution involves the construction and operation of a battery swapping infrastructure rather than in-vehicle charging of batteries. In this paper, we study a closed Markovian queueing network that allows for spare batteries under a dynamic arrival policy. We propose a provisioning rule for the capacity levels and show that these lead to near-optimal resource utilization, while guaranteeing good quality-of-service levels for electric vehicle users. Key in the derivations is to prove a state-space collapse result, which in turn implies that performance levels are as good as if there would have been a single station with an aggregated number of resources, thus achieving complete resource pooling.

为了减少交通部门的碳排放，目前正在稳步转向电气化交通系统。这带来了各种问题，其中一个有前景的解决方案涉及电池交换基础设施的建设和运营，而不是电池的车载充电。在本文中，我们研究了一个封闭的马尔可夫排队网络，该网络允许在动态到达策略下使用备用电池。我们提出了容量级别的配置规则，并表明这些规则会导致接近最佳的资源利用率，同时保证电动汽车用户的良好服务质量水平。推导的关键是证明状态空间崩溃结果，这反过来意味着性能水平与具有聚合资源数量的单个站一样好，