The Middle East is an area characterized by strong gradients in meteorological conditions and varied land cover. As a result, some of the hottest places in the world as well as very cold areas can be found in this region. The objective of this paper is to quantitatively assess land surface temperature (LST) variations in the countries of the Middle East to estimate the trends and determine whether relationships suggesting the impact of climate change can be observed. Spatiotemporal variability of LST was investigated through the analysis of MODIS Terra LST images (MOD11A2) from 2001 to 2018. The LST differences in both daytime series and seasonal and international means were assessed. The analyses showed that in spring (MAM), about 20,000 km² of the study area has an LST higher than 50 °C, whereas 3700 km² has LST lower than 0 °C. In summer (JJA), about 1 million km² has LST higher than 50 °C. In the fall (SON), about 5 million km² of the study area has a land surface temperature higher than 30 °C, with about 11 km² hotter than 50 °C, whereas 320 km² has LST lower than 0 °C. In winter (DJF), the hottest countries are Yemen, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, with 44.7, 41.8, and 39.8 °C, respectively, whereas the lowest LST values were recorded in Turkey, Iran, and Iraq, with −19.5, −18.1, and −10.5 °C, respectively. An upward trend in the minimum and a downward trend in the maximum value of the winter LST suggest that winters in the Middle East countries such as Iran, Israel, and Jordan have become milder during the considered period. Negative trends in the spring LST in Bahrain and Oman and the summer LST in Bahrain and Qatar suggest that these seasons in those countries became colder during the study period.

中东是一个气象条件梯度强、土地覆盖多样的地区。因此，在该地区可以找到世界上一些最热的地方以及非常寒冷的地区。本文的目的是定量评估中东国家的地表温度 (LST) 变化，以估计趋势并确定是否可以观察到表明气候变化影响的关系。通过对 2001 年至 2018 年的 MODIS Terra LST 图像 (MOD11A2) 的分析，研究了 LST 的时空变异性。评估了日间序列以及季节性和国际平均值的 LST 差异。分析表明，在春季（MAM），研究区约 20,000 km ²的 LST 高于 50 °C，而 3700 km 2^{2 的}LST 低于 0 °C。在夏季 (JJA)，大约有 100 万公里^{2 的}LST 高于 50 °C。在秋季（SON），研究区约 500 万 km ²地表温度高于 30 °C，约 11 km ²高于 50 °C，而 320 km ²LST 低于 0 °C。在冬季 (DJF)，最热的国家是也门、阿曼和沙特阿拉伯，分别为 44.7、41.8 和 39.8 °C，而最低的 LST 值出现在土耳其、伊朗和伊拉克，为 -19.5、-分别为 18.1 和 -10.5 °C。冬季 LST 最小值的上升趋势和最大值的下降趋势表明，伊朗、以色列和约旦等中东国家的冬季在所考虑的时期内变得更加温和。巴林和阿曼春季 LST 以及巴林和卡塔尔夏季 LST 的负趋势表明，这些国家的这些季节在研究期间变得更冷。