This article proposes the thermometer code converter, which eliminates the requirement of binary code converter to generate gray codes in different digital modulation techniques like pulse code modulation. The nanoscale faster low-power circuit for these thermometer code-to-gray code converter has been achieved with quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). The proposed converter circuit is made up with new QCA 2:1 multiplexer, which dominates the other existing designs in terms of QCA cells and device density. The circuits are evaluated based on area and operating speed. The design consistency is verified through theoretical values. The dissipated energy explores that the designs have lower energy dissipation. Stuck-at-fault effect analysis on the circuits has been performed. Besides, defect analysis caused by single missing cells, single extra added cells and misplaced cells is also explored. Test vectors are proposed to achieve 100% defect coverage. As encoders, these circuits can be widely employed in those high-performance functions that impose extraordinary design constraints with respect to high frequency, minimal area and low energy consumption.

本文提出了温度计编码转换器，它消除了二进制编码转换器在脉冲编码调制等不同数字调制技术中生成格雷码的要求。这些温度计代码到格雷代码转换器的纳米级速度更快的低功耗电路已通过量子点元胞自动机 (QCA) 实现。提议的转换器电路由新的 QCA 2:1 多路复用器组成，在 QCA 单元和器件密度方面主导了其他现有设计。根据面积和运行速度对电路进行评估。通过理论值验证了设计的一致性。耗散能量探索设计具有较低的能量耗散。已对电路进行了卡住故障效应分析。此外，单个缺失单元引起的缺陷分析，还探索了单个额外添加的单元格和错位的单元格。建议测试向量以实现 100% 的缺陷覆盖率。作为编码器，这些电路可以广泛用于那些在高频、最小面积和低能耗方面施加非凡设计限制的高性能功能。