Spinal fusions are among the most common and effective spinal surgical practices; however, the current model presents some cost and safety concerns within the patient population. Therefore, enhanced biomaterials have been presented to be an innovative yet underutilized tool to supplement the success of spinal fusion surgery. Herein, the authors discuss these biomaterials, their compositions, clinical outcomes, and cost analysis through a systematic review of the literature to date.

This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria and guidelines. Article selection was performed using the PubMed electronic bibliographic databases. The search yielded 1168 articles that were assessed and filtered for relevance by the four authors. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 62 articles were deemed significant enough for final selection.

To date, silicon nitride, bioactive glass, amino peptide bone grafts, and tantalum are all biomaterials that could have significant roles in supporting spinal fusion. Their unique compositions allow them to be biocompatible in the spine, and their mechanisms of action stimulate osteoblast formation and support fusion success. Moreover, these biomaterials also present positive clinical and cost outcomes that support their application in spinal procedures. However, further studies with longer follow-ups are necessary to fully understand these biomaterials prior to their incorporation in mainstream spinal practice.

The combination of their positive clinical outcomes, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness makes these biomaterials valuable, innovative, and effective treatment modalities that could revolutionize the current model of spinal fusion.

脊柱融合术是最常见和最有效的脊柱外科手术之一。然而，目前的模型在患者群体中存在一些成本和安全问题。因此，增强型生物材料已被认为是一种创新但未被充分利用的工具，以补充脊柱融合手术的成功。在此，作者通过对迄今为止的文献进行系统回顾，讨论了这些生物材料、它们的成分、临床结果和成本分析。

本系统评价是使用 PRISMA（系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目）标准和指南进行的。文章选择是使用 PubMed 电子书目数据库进行的。搜索产生了 1168 篇文章，由四位作者评估和过滤相关性。在筛选标题和摘要后，62 篇文章被认为足以进行最终选择。

迄今为止，氮化硅、生物活性玻璃、氨基肽骨移植物和钽都是可以在支持脊柱融合方面发挥重要作用的生物材料。它们独特的成分使它们在脊柱中具有生物相容性，它们的作用机制刺激成骨细胞形成并支持融合成功。此外，这些生物材料还具有积极的临床和成本结果，支持它们在脊柱手术中的应用。然而，在将这些生物材料纳入主流脊柱实践之前，需要进行更长时间的进一步研究才能充分了解这些生物材料。

它们积极的临床结果、生物相容性和成本效益的结合使这些生物材料成为有价值、创新和有效的治疗方式，可以彻底改变当前的脊柱融合模型。