Purpose

This paper aims to gain insight in how the involvement of facilities management (FM) and clinical employees are practiced in new Norwegian hospital projects and to study the benefits and lessons learned from the involvement.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is conducted by cross-sectional case studies of eight hospital projects by using a literature review, interviews and document studies of FM and clinical employees and project leaders (PLs) among Sykehusbygg.

Findings

The service design approach with a structured interaction between the PL’s of Sykehusbygg, and the different disciplines of clinical employees and FM specialist was rewarding and efficient. The facilitator role of Sykehusbygg is essential to manage such a broad and complex involvement process using a wide range of various techniques at the different stages of the projects (dialogue meetings, review meetings, workshops, post-it notes, 2-D drawings, mock-up and 3-D models, as well as virtual reality (VR) and Building Information Modeling technology). The clinical employees’ framework is stronger and much more structured than the involvement of FM competences through the different stages of the projects. The property management competences were involved at the early concept phase and design phase, whereas the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) competences were getting involved through the construction and commissioning phase. The value of FM involvement in all stages of the project is seen beneficial, particularly when the FM specialist become a part of the design team and located physically at the same place. The main reported benefits of early FM involvement are cost-effective technical solutions and installations, less design flaws and improved functionality, as well as a stronger ownership and mutual respect between the clinical and FM disciplines. However, not all hospital organizations see the benefits of the FM involvement of all stages, as they are driven by reducing capital cost. In one of the new projects, other ways of involving the FM competences were tested. Additionally, particularly for the O&M competences, a dialogue meeting with a clear focus of sharing experiences with different technical solution was found rewarding in terms of cost benefits.

Research limitations/implications

This study does not consider the social impact of the choices made in the design phase. The findings also indicated a certain development of the FM involvement. This is not studied in two of the newest projects where they are still in the design phase and the FM role was not interviewed.

Practical implications

The PL role is important as a facilitator role of the involvement process.

Social implications

A dialogue meeting with a group of O&M people was found rewarding and valuable for knowledge sharing. This methodology can be further developed and tested, as this group of stakeholders is not always available for giving input in the project.

Originality/value

The value of this study is the description of the interaction between the PLs and the hospital organization in the eight projects and lessons learned by the involvement of FM competences and clinical employees.

中文翻译：

---

FM 和临床员工参与了八个挪威医院项目的设计

目的

本文旨在深入了解设施管理 (FM) 和临床员工如何参与新的挪威医院项目，并研究参与的好处和经验教训。

设计/方法/方法

本研究通过对 Sykehusbygg 中的 FM 和临床员工以及项目负责人 (PL) 的文献综述、访谈和文件研究，通过对八个医院项目的横断面案例研究进行。

发现

在 Sykehusbygg 的 PL 与临床员工和 FM 专家的不同学科之间进行结构化交互的服务设计方法是有益且高效的。Sykehusbygg 的促进者角色对于在项目的不同阶段（对话会议、审查会议、研讨会、便利贴、二维绘图、模拟）使用广泛的各种技术管理如此广泛而复杂的参与过程至关重要和 3-D 模型，以及虚拟现实 (VR) 和建筑信息建模技术）。在项目的不同阶段，临床员工的框架比 FM 能力的参与更强大，更有条理。物业管理能力涉及早期概念阶段和设计阶段，而运营和维护 (O& M) 能力通过建造和调试阶段参与进来。FM 参与项目所有阶段的价值被认为是有益的，特别是当 FM 专家成为设计团队的一部分并位于同一地点时。早期参与 FM 的主要好处是具有成本效益的技术解决方案和安装、更少的设计缺陷和改进的功能，以及临床和 FM 学科之间更强的所有权和相互尊重。然而，并非所有医院组织都看到 FM 参与所有阶段的好处，因为它们是由降低资本成本驱动的。在其中一个新项目中，测试了涉及 FM 能力的其他方式。此外，特别是在运维能力方面，

研究限制/影响

本研究未考虑设计阶段所做选择的社会影响。调查结果还表明 FM 的参与有一定的发展。这在两个最新的项目中没有研究，它们仍处于设计阶段，FM 角色也没有接受采访。

实际影响

PL 角色作为参与过程的促进者角色很重要。

社会影响

与一组 O&M 人员的对话会议发现对知识共享有益且有价值。这种方法可以进一步开发和测试，因为这组利益相关者并不总是可以在项目中提供投入。

原创性/价值

本研究的价值在于描述了八个项目中 PL 与医院组织之间的互动，以及 FM 能力和临床员工参与的经验教训。