Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms that are packed in a hexagonal honeycomb crystalline structure. This promising structure has endowed graphene with advantages in electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties such as room-temperature quantum Hall effect, long-range ballistic transport with around 10 times higher electron mobility than in Si and thermal conductivity in the order of 5,000 W/mK, and high electron mobility at room temperature (250,000 cm 2 /V s). Another promising characteristic of graphene is large surface area (2,630 m 2 /g) which has emerged so far with its utilization as novel electronic devices especially for ultrasensitive chemical sensor and reinforcement for the structural component applications. The application of graphene is challenged by concerns of synthesis techniques, and the modifications involved to improve the usability of graphene have attracted extensive attention. Therefore, in this review, the research progress conducted in the previous decades with graphene and its derivatives for chemical detection and the novelty in performance enhancement of the chemical sensor towards the specific gases and their mechanism have been reviewed. The challenges faced by the current graphene-based sensors along with some of the probable solutions and their future improvements are also being included. Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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功能化石墨烯基纳米复合材料作为化学传感器的前沿

石墨烯是单原子厚的 sp 2 杂化碳原子片，填充在六边形蜂窝状晶体结构中。这种有前途的结构赋予石墨烯在电学、热学和机械性能方面的优势，例如室温量子霍尔效应、电子迁移率比硅高约 10 倍的远程弹道传输以及约 5,000 W/的热导率mK，以及室温下的高电子迁移率 (250,000 cm 2 /V s)。石墨烯的另一个有前途的特性是大表面积 (2,630 m 2 /g)，迄今为止，它已被用作新型电子器件，特别是用于超灵敏化学传感器和结构部件应用的增强。石墨烯的应用受到合成技术问题的挑战，并且为提高石墨烯的可用性而进行的修改引起了广泛的关注。因此，在本综述中，回顾了过去几十年石墨烯及其衍生物用于化学检测的研究进展以及化学传感器对特定气体及其机制的性能增强的新颖性。当前基于石墨烯的传感器面临的挑战以及一些可能的解决方案及其未来的改进也包括在内。图形概要 回顾了过去几十年用石墨烯及其衍生物进行化学检测的研究进展以及化学传感器对特定气体及其机制的性能增强的新颖性。当前基于石墨烯的传感器面临的挑战以及一些可能的解决方案及其未来的改进也包括在内。图形概要 回顾了过去几十年用石墨烯及其衍生物进行化学检测的研究进展以及化学传感器对特定气体及其机制的性能增强的新颖性。当前基于石墨烯的传感器面临的挑战以及一些可能的解决方案及其未来的改进也包括在内。图形概要