Abstract

Objectives: In the current study, we reviewed and classified the different experimental methods reported in the literature to induce age-base stereotype threat in older adults, providing a comprehensive view of the methodologies present in the literature to date.

Method: The current study has been developed as a literature scoping review. The PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and CINAHL database were searched. With this approach, we assessed developments in experimental age-based stereotype manipulations in the last decades.

Results: 26 articles were considered for this scoping review. Through a thematic analysis, we classified the papers into three broad categories based on the priming technique addressed: manipulation by instructions, manipulation by tests and, manipulation by mental imagery.

Conclusion: Our results seem to suggest how manipulations by instructions appeared to be more largely used and capable of producing more clear performance variations on cognitive, memory, and physical tasks. Age-related stereotypes showed potentially stronger effects when they are negative, implicit, and temporally closer to the test of performance.

摘要

目标：在目前的研究中，我们回顾和分类了文献中报道的不同实验方法，以诱导老年人基于年龄的刻板印象威胁，提供迄今为止文献中存在的方法的全面视图。

方法：目前的研究已发展为文献范围审查。检索了 PubMed、PsycINFO、Scopus、ISI Web of Science 和 CINAHL 数据库。通过这种方法，我们评估了过去几十年中基于年龄的实验性刻板印象操作的发展。

结果：本次范围审查考虑了 26 篇文章。通过主题分析，我们根据所涉及的启动技术将论文分为三大类：指令操作、测试操作和心理意象操作。

结论：我们的结果似乎表明，如何通过指令进行操作似乎更广泛地使用，并且能够在认知、记忆和身体任务上产生更清晰的表现变化。当年龄相关的刻板印象是消极的、隐含的并且在时间上更接近绩效测试时，它们可能会产生更强的影响。