Abstract

This paper is devoted to discussing the technical characteristics of pulsed plasma-focus (PF) generators and their features as fusion reactors as an alternative for stationary thermonuclear installations. First, the authors present results of experimental data obtained on the Pulse Plasma Accelerator–30 (PPA-30) and dense PF-4 devices. The pulse discharge current and jumped parameters and the energy distribution along and across the axis on the 31-kJ (at 30 kV and 69 μF) PPA-30 device were determined. It is indicated that plasma already is completely ionized at the kilo-ampere range and its inductance is small. The maximum energy density of the plasma was equal to 230 J/cm² and a macrofocusing effect was observed. Second, the emission parameters of the PF-4 device were determinate. The neutron yield was equal to about 10⁷ imp/shot. The variation of the axial and radial neutron yield was observed. Further, the problems of neutron yield on PF devices and options for the development of a fusion reactor taking into account other technical capabilities of PF are discussed. It is proposed to develop the design of PF in such a way as to take into account the peculiarities of the interaction of particles with an electric and magnetic field. In this situation, the important indicator is not the temperature of the plasma, but the geometry of the electrode system to provide a directed flow of particles.

摘要

本文致力于讨论脉冲等离子体聚焦 (PF) 发生器的技术特性及其作为聚变反应堆作为固定热核装置替代品的特性。首先，作者展示了在脉冲等离子体加速器-30 (PPA-30) 和密集 PF-4 设备上获得的实验数据结果。确定了脉冲放电电流和跳跃参数以及沿 31 kJ（在 30 kV 和 69 μF）PPA-30 设备上沿轴和穿过轴的能量分布。表明等离子体在千安级范围内已经完全电离，其电感很小。等离子体的最大能量密度等于 230 J/cm ²并观察到微距聚焦效果。其次，PF-4 装置的发射参数是确定的。中子产额等于约10 ⁷  imp/shot。观察到轴向和径向中子产额的变化。此外，还讨论了 PF 装置的中子产额问题以及考虑到 PF 的其他技术能力开发聚变反应堆的选项。建议以考虑粒子与电场和磁场相互作用的特性的方式开发 PF 的设计。在这种情况下，重要的指标不是等离子体的温度，而是提供定向粒子流的电极系统的几何形状。