In Brazil, Sapindales is represented by six families Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, and Simaroubaceae. Palynological studies on its members are varied, including few detailed descriptions as well as palynotaxonomic analyses or brief diagnoses in floras or ecological, paleopalynological, or melissopalynological investigations. This study aimed to compile the main pollen characters of Sapindales families occurring in Brazil through a thorough review of the literature including national or foreign taxa and to present new information on the palynology of representatives of the families. Acetolyzed pollen grains from representatives of the six families were also analyzed, measured, and illustrated under light microscope. Unacetolyzed pollen grains were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. An evolutionary approach to pollen morphology in Sapindales was carried out by mapping and reconstructing the ancestral states of the pollen grains attributes on the existing phylogenetic proposal. Phylogenetic trees were generated by parsimony analysis and used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of each character state of the analyzed taxa. This study represents a first attempt to establish the phylogeny of the order Sapindales using pollen data. Future palynological studies should focus on species not included in the current phylogenetic tree as well as phylogenetic relationships within the nine Sapindales families.

在巴西，无患子属以漆树科、柏树科、楝科、芸香科、无患子科和苦木科六个科为代表。对其成员的孢粉学研究多种多样，包括很少的详细描述以及孢粉分类学分析或植物群或生态、古孢粉学或花粉虱学调查的简要诊断。本研究旨在通过对包括国内或国外分类群在内的文献进行彻底审查，汇编巴西无患子科的主要花粉特征，并提供有关该科代表的孢粉学的新信息。来自六个家族代表的乙酰化花粉粒也在光学显微镜下进行了分析、测量和说明。使用扫描电子显微镜分析未乙酰化的花粉粒。通过在现有系统发育提议上绘制和重建花粉粒属性的祖先状态，进行了无患子花粉形态的进化方法。系统发育树是通过简约分析生成的，用于重建分析类群的每个特征状态的进化历史。这项研究代表了第一次尝试使用花粉数据建立无患子目的系统发育。未来的孢粉学研究应侧重于未包括在当前系统发育树中的物种以及九个无患子科内的系统发育关系。系统发育树是通过简约分析生成的，用于重建分析类群的每个特征状态的进化历史。这项研究代表了第一次尝试使用花粉数据建立无患子目的系统发育。未来的孢粉学研究应侧重于未包括在当前系统发育树中的物种以及九个无患子科内的系统发育关系。系统发育树是通过简约分析生成的，用于重建分析类群的每个特征状态的进化历史。这项研究代表了第一次尝试使用花粉数据建立无患子目的系统发育。未来的孢粉学研究应侧重于未包括在当前系统发育树中的物种以及九个无患子科内的系统发育关系。