The cancer incidence rates for humans and animals remain high, and efforts to improve cancer treatment are crucial. Cancer treatment for solid tumours includes both treatment of the primary tumour and of metastasis. Surgery is commonly employed to resect primary and metastatic tumours, but is invasive, and is not always the optimal treatment modality. Prevention and treatment of metastatic disease often utilizes a multimodal approach, but metastasis remains a major cause of death for both human and veterinary cancer patients. Focused ultrasound (FUS) tumour ablation techniques represent a novel non-invasive approach to treating cancer. FUS ablation is precise, thus sparing adjacent critical structures while ablating the tumour. FUS ablation can occur in a thermal or non-thermal fashion. Thermal FUS ablation, also known as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation, destroys tumour cells via heat, whereas non-thermal FUS, known as histotripsy, ablates tumour cells via mechanical disintegration of tissue. Not only can HIFU and histotripsy ablate tumours, they also demonstrate potential to upregulate the host immune system towards an anti-tumour response. The aim of this report is provide a description of HIFU and histotripsy tumour ablation, with a focus on the basic principles of their ablation mechanisms and their clinical applicability in the field of veterinary oncology.

中文翻译：

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小动物肿瘤学中的聚焦超声肿瘤消融

人类和动物的癌症发病率仍然很高，改善癌症治疗的努力至关重要。实体瘤的癌症治疗包括原发肿瘤和转移瘤的治疗。手术通常用于切除原发性和转移性肿瘤，但具有侵入性，并不总是最佳治疗方式。转移性疾病的预防和治疗通常采用多模式方法，但转移仍然是人类和兽医癌症患者死亡的主要原因。聚焦超声 (FUS) 肿瘤消融技术代表了一种治疗癌症的新型非侵入性方法。FUS 消融是精确的，因此在消融肿瘤时会保留相邻的关键结构。FUS 消融可以热或非热方式发生。热 FUS 消融，也称为高强度聚焦超声 (HIFU) 消融，通过热破坏肿瘤细胞，而非热 FUS，称为组织剥离术，通过组织的机械分解消融肿瘤细胞。HIFU 和组织切除术不仅可以消融肿瘤，而且还显示出上调宿主免疫系统以产生抗肿瘤反应的潜力。本报告的目的是提供 HIFU 和组织切除术肿瘤消融的描述，重点介绍其消融机制的基本原理及其在兽医肿瘤学领域的临床适用性。它们还显示出上调宿主免疫系统以产生抗肿瘤反应的潜力。本报告的目的是提供 HIFU 和组织切除术肿瘤消融的描述，重点介绍其消融机制的基本原理及其在兽医肿瘤学领域的临床适用性。它们还显示出上调宿主免疫系统以产生抗肿瘤反应的潜力。本报告的目的是提供 HIFU 和组织切除术肿瘤消融的描述，重点介绍其消融机制的基本原理及其在兽医肿瘤学领域的临床适用性。