Maternal smoking is suspected to have negative impacts on breastfeeding, such as decreasing the quantity of breast milk, and reducing vitamin and fat concentrations in the milk in the late lactation period. Cigarette and water pipe tobacco products are widely used in Jordan. We aimed to estimate the association between use of different tobacco products and the rates of current breastfeeding. Data from Jordan’s Population and Family Health Surveys 2012 and 2017–18 were examined. Last-born, living children, aged < 25 months, from singleton births, ever breastfed, and living with their mother were included. The key outcome variables were the current breastfeeding (during last 24 h) and tobacco usage status [water pipe tobacco (hookah or narghile) and/or cigarette tobacco]. Complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of the current breastfeeding with maternal smoking status. Overall, 6726 infants were included in the study. The current breastfeeding rate in infants aged 0–6 months was 87%, compared with 43.9% in infants aged 12–17 months and 19.4% in infants aged 18–24 months. Overall, 4.4% had mothers who smoked cigarettes, 5.4% smoked water pipe, and 1.6% both cigarettes and water pipe. The proportion of breastfed infants in non-smoking mothers was 57.7% and, those in smoke water pipe, cigarette and both tobacco products were 55.4, 44.9, and 51.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that women cigarette smokers had a lower odds ratio (OR) for current breastfeeding (OR 0.60, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.39, 0.92). Multivariate analysis revealed that maternal cigarette smoking was associated with a lower odds ratio for current breastfeeding compared with mothers who smoked neither water pipe nor cigarettes (AOR 0.51, 95% Cl 0.30, 0.87). These results indicate that maternal smoking is associated with termination of breastfeeding, suggesting that structured training should be organized for healthcare professionals, expectant mothers and the general public about the association between maternal smoking and cessation of lactation.

中文翻译：

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母亲使用香烟或水管与停止母乳喂养有关吗？来自 2012 年和 2017-18 年约旦人口和家庭健康调查的证据

母亲吸烟被怀疑对母乳喂养有负面影响，例如减少母乳量，降低泌乳后期乳汁中的维生素和脂肪浓度。香烟和水烟斗烟草制品在约旦广泛使用。我们旨在估计不同烟草制品的使用与当前母乳喂养率之间的关联。审查了约旦 2012 年和 2017-18 年人口和家庭健康调查的数据。包括最后出生的、在世的、年龄 < 25 个月、从单胎出生、曾经母乳喂养并与母亲一起生活的儿童。关键结果变量是当前的母乳喂养（过去 24 小时内）和烟草使用状况 [水烟烟草（水烟或纳吉烟）和/或卷烟烟草]。复杂样本多变量逻辑回归分析用于评估当前母乳喂养与母亲吸烟状况的关联。总的来说，研究中包括了 6726 名婴儿。目前 0-6 个月婴儿的母乳喂养率为 87%，而 12-17 个月婴儿为 43.9%，18-24 个月婴儿为 19.4%。总体而言，4.4% 的母亲吸烟，5.4% 吸烟水烟，1.6% 吸烟和水烟。非吸烟母亲母乳喂养婴儿的比例为57.7%，吸烟水烟、香烟和两种烟草制品的比例分别为55.4、44.9和51.0%。单变量分析显示，女性吸烟者目前母乳喂养的比值比 (OR) 较低（OR 0.60，95% 置信区间 [CI] 0.39, 0.92）。多变量分析显示，与既不抽水烟也不抽烟的母亲相比，母亲吸烟与当前母乳喂养的比值比较低相关（AOR 0.51, 95% Cl 0.30, 0.87）。这些结果表明，母亲吸烟与终止母乳喂养有关，这表明应为医疗保健专业人员、准妈妈和公众组织结构化培训，了解母亲吸烟与停止哺乳之间的关系。