Pain assessment and pain care are influenced by the characteristics of both the patient and the caregiver. Some studies suggest that the pain of older persons and of females may be underestimated to a greater extent than the pain of younger and male individuals.

中文翻译：

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疼痛评估和亲社会行为受年龄和性别的影响

疼痛评估和疼痛护理受患者和护理人员的特征影响。一些研究表明，老年人和女性的疼痛可能比年轻人和男性的疼痛被低估的程度更大。