Compassionate conservation holds that compassion should transform conservation. It has prompted heated debate and has been criticized strongly. We reviewed the debate to characterize compassionate conservation and to philosophically analyze critiques that are recurring and that warrant further critical attention. The necessary elements of compassionate conservation relate to the moral value of sentient animals and conservation and to science and conservation practice. Although compassionate conservation has several nontraditional necessary conditions, it also importantly allows a degree of pluralism in values and scientific judgment regarding animals and conservation practice. We identified 52 specific criticisms from 11 articles that directly critique compassionate conservation. We closely examined 33 of these because they recurred regularly or included substantial questions that required further response. Critics criticized compassionate conservation's ethical foundations, scientific credentials, clarity of application, understanding of compassion, its alleged threat to conservation and biodiversity. Some criticisms, we found, are question begging, confused, or overlook conceptual complexity. These criticisms raise questions for critics and proponents, regarding, for example, equal versus differential intrinsic moral value of different sentient animals (including humans), problems of natural and human-caused suffering of wild animals and predation, and the acceptability of specific conservation practices within compassionate conservation. By addressing recurring and faulty critiques of compassionate conservation and identifying issues for compassionate conservation to address, this review provides a clearer basis for crucial ongoing interdisciplinary dialogue about ethics, values, and conservation.

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对富有同情心的保护辩论的批判性回顾

富有同情心的保护认为，同情应该改变保护。它引发了激烈的争论，并受到了强烈的批评。我们回顾了这场辩论，以描述富有同情心的保护，并从哲学上分析反复出现且值得进一步批判性关注的批评。富有同情心的保护的必要要素与有情动物的道德价值和保护以及科学和保护实践有关。尽管富有同情心的保护具有几个非传统的必要条件，但它也重要地允许在动物和保护实践方面的价值观和科学判断具有一定程度的多元化。我们从直接批评富有同情心的保护的 11 篇文章中确定了 52 条具体批评。我们仔细检查了其中的 33 个，因为它们经常重复出现或包含需要进一步回答的实质性问题。批评者批评了富有同情心的保护的伦理基础、科学证书、应用的清晰性、理解同情，它据称对保护和生物多样性的威胁。我们发现，一些批评是在乞求问题、混淆或忽视概念的复杂性。这些批评向批评者和支持者提出了一些问题，例如，不同有情动物（包括人类）的内在道德价值是平等还是不同，野生动物和捕食的自然和人为造成的痛苦问题，以及特定保护实践的可接受性在富有同情心的保护范围内。通过解决对富有同情心的保护的反复和错误的批评，并确定富有同情心的保护需要解决的问题，这篇评论为正在进行的关于伦理、价值观和保护的关键跨学科对话提供了更清晰的基础。