Smoke from domestic tobacco smoking and biomass burning is the most harmful indoor air pollutant. This study aimed to evaluate 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) as a marker to indicate exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and biomass burning smoke (BBS) in households. The evaluation consisted of three indoor air monitoring campaigns in (1) 8 apartments with different smoking scenarios, (2) 76 apartments in a Metropolitan city, and (3) 26 homes in two rural areas. All the air samples were collected in a passive way using thermal desorption (TD) tubes and analyzed by TD-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The indoor smoking experiments showed that TD tubes could detect DMF even when the occupant smoked one cigarette every day. In urban homes, DMF detection had a substantial agreement with smoking status, indicated by a Kappa coefficient of 0.67. In rural homes, DMF was detected at high concentrations in homes with biomass burning. Along with DMF, the TD tubes could detect and quantify over 70 other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), allowing exposure and risk assessment for indoor smoke. In conclusion, monitoring DMF with TD tubes offers an easy, low-cost approach to measure domestic ETS and BBS exposures. This method has the potential to measure exposure to outdoor smoke from wildfire and agricultural burning.

家庭吸烟和生物质燃烧产生的烟雾是最有害的室内空气污染物。本研究旨在评估 2,5-二甲基呋喃 (DMF) 作为指示家庭接触环境烟草烟雾 (ETS) 和生物质燃烧烟雾 (BBS) 的标志物。评估包括在 (1) 8 间不同吸烟场景的公寓、(2) 大城市的 76 间公寓和 (3) 两个农村地区的 26 间家庭中进行的三项室内空气监测活动。使用热解吸 (TD) 管以被动方式收集所有空气样品，并通过 TD-气相色谱/质谱 (GC/MS) 进行分析。室内吸烟实验表明，即使住户每天抽一根烟，TD 管也能检测到 DMF。在城市家庭中，DMF 检测与吸烟状况有很大的一致性，由 0.67 的 Kappa 系数表示。在农村家庭中，在燃烧生物质的家庭中检测到高浓度的 DMF。与 DMF 一起，TD 管可以检测和量化 70 多种其他挥发性有机化合物 (VOC)，从而可以对室内烟雾进行暴露和风险评估。总之，使用 TD 管监测 DMF 提供了一种简单、低成本的方法来衡量国内 ETS 和 BBS 暴露。这种方法有可能测量野火和农业燃烧产生的室外烟雾暴露情况。衡量国内 ETS 和 BBS 敞口的低成本方法。这种方法有可能测量野火和农业燃烧产生的室外烟雾暴露情况。衡量国内 ETS 和 BBS 敞口的低成本方法。这种方法有可能测量野火和农业燃烧产生的室外烟雾暴露情况。