Distribution ranges of temperate tree species are shifting poleward and upslope into cooler environments due to global warming. Successful regeneration is crucial for population persistence and range expansion. Thus, we aimed to identify environmental variables that affect germination and seedling establishment of Europe's dominant forest tree, to compare the importance of plasticity and genetic variation for regeneration, and to evaluate the regeneration potential at and beyond the southern and northern distribution margins.

中文翻译：

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欧洲主要林木 Fagus sylvatica 发芽和建立成功的高可塑性

由于全球变暖，温带树种的分布范围正在向极地和上坡转移到较冷的环境中。成功的再生对于种群的持久性和范围的扩展至关重要。因此，我们旨在确定影响欧洲主要林木发芽和幼苗建立的环境变量，比较可塑性和遗传变异对再生的重要性，并评估南部和北部分布边缘及其以外的再生潜力。