Milk adulteration is one of the major global concerns as milk is being consumed as a wholesome dairy product in every part of the world. The fraudulent practice of milk adulteration is on the rise, which is making people apprehensive about the purity and quality of milk. The adulterants such as water, vegetable and animal fat, extraneous proteins and chemical components viz. melamine, urea, formalin, detergents, ammonium sulphate, boric acid, caustic soda, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and sugars deliberately mixed in milk can be an be harmful to the health of consumers. This necessitates the availability of procedures and technologies that could curb this ill practice of milk adulteration. Over the years, various methods have been developed for the detection of milk adulterants. The chromatographic methods such as HPLC and GC, coupled with mass spectrometry have been used for selective identification as well as detection of different milk adulterants. Immunological techniques such as ELISA and various DNA based procedures like PCR have also been used for the specific detection of some common milk adulterants. Spectroscopic methods, namely FTIR and NIR in association with chemometrics have raised the bar of adulterant detection systems. The equipments such as electronic nose and electronic tongue are some of the fancy procedures used in milk and other food adulterants detection. The biosensors are the detection systems that can be used for rapid and real time detection of milk adulterants. This review brings insight into the biosensor application in milk adulterant detection and also tries to explore the potential of biosensors in identifying some common milk adulterants.

牛奶掺假是全球关注的主要问题之一，因为牛奶在世界各地都被作为一种有益健康的乳制品消费。牛奶掺假的欺诈行为正在增加，这使人们对牛奶的纯度和质量感到担忧。掺假物，如水、植物和动物脂肪、外来蛋白质和化学成分，即。三聚氰胺、尿素、福尔马林、清洁剂、硫酸铵、硼酸、烧碱、苯甲酸、水杨酸、过氧化氢和故意混合在牛奶中的糖可能对消费者的健康有害。这需要能够遏制这种牛奶掺假的不良做法的程序和技术的可用性。多年来，已经开发了多种检测牛奶掺假的方法。HPLC和GC等色谱方法，与质谱联用已被用于选择性鉴定以及检测不同的牛奶掺假物。免疫学技术（例如 ELISA）和各种基于 DNA 的程序（例如 PCR）也已用于特定检测一些常见的牛奶掺假物。光谱方法，即与化学计量学相关的 FTIR 和 NIR，提高了掺杂物检测系统的标准。电子鼻、电子舌等设备是牛奶和其他食品掺假检测中使用的一些花哨的程序。生物传感器是可用于快速实时检测牛奶掺假的检测系统。