In November 1918, revolution swept across Germany: it led to the end of the war, the abdication of the Kaiser and a new parliamentary democracy. While leading figures of the revolution, such as Ernst Toller, Rosa Luxemburg and Kurt Eisner, have been the subject of much scholarly interest, less research has been conducted into the motivations and aims of the rank and file, a group which included many women. Women played key roles as revolutionaries: by spreading the revolutionary message, working in its administration or participating in direct action on the streets. By choosing to become a revolutionary, individuals risked imprisonment or even death. For German Jewish women, who faced anti-Semitism in their daily lives, the risk was even greater. This article focuses on these forgotten female revolutionaries to uncover their roles, aims and motivations, and to contribute to a heterogeneous understanding of the revolution.

1918 年 11 月，革命席卷德国：它导致战争结束、德皇退位和新的议会民主制。尽管恩斯特·托勒 (Ernst Toller)、罗莎·卢森堡 (Rosa Luxemburg) 和库尔特·艾斯纳 (Kurt Eisner) 等革命的领军人物一直是学术界感兴趣的主题，但对平民的动机和目标的研究却较少，因为这一群体包括许多女性。妇女作为革命者发挥了关键作用：通过传播革命信息、在政府工作或参与街头直接行动。通过选择成为一名革命者，个人冒着监禁甚至死亡的风险。对于在日常生活中面临反犹太主义的德国犹太妇女来说，风险更大。本文重点关注这些被遗忘的女性革命者，揭开她们的角色，