Complex multidimensional challenges have prompted a transformational shift towards holistic research integration with knowledge systems differing from conventional science. Embracing diverse ontological and epistemological approaches through new styles of collaboration, dialogue and practice enables durable solutions and desired outcomes. As societal and global issues become more urgent, complex and challenging, recognition of the intersection of the environment with economic, social, cultural and political dynamics means transdisciplinary approaches are advancing. Integrative, collaborative methodologies are central to indigenous-led research, providing insights for Western science. We describe characteristics of transdisciplinary research from the international literature and explore related kaupapa Māori (Māori theory and practice) approaches. Location-specific, indigenous-led environmental case studies from Aotearoa New Zealand show how they are transcendent of the transdisciplinary approaches they encompass. We demonstrate research beyond transdisciplinarity, modelling engagement, power sharing and collective action through integrative, collaborative endeavours across knowledge systems and praxis, stretching the development of transdisciplinary research everywhere.

复杂的多维挑战促使向与传统科学不同的知识系统进行整体研究整合的转型转变。通过新的合作、对话和实践方式采用不同的本体论和认识论方法，可以实现持久的解决方案和预期的结果。随着社会和全球问题变得更加紧迫、复杂和具有挑战性，认识到环境与经济、社会、文化和政治动态的交叉意味着跨学科方法正在推进。综合、协作的方法是本土主导研究的核心，为西方科学提供见解。我们从国际文献中描述了跨学科研究的特征，并探索了相关的 kaupapa Māori（毛利理论与实践）方法。来自新西兰 Aotearoa 的特定地点、土著主导的环境案例研究展示了它们如何超越它们所涵盖的跨学科方法。我们通过跨知识系统和实践的综合、协作努力展示超越跨学科、建模参与、权力共享和集体行动的研究，在各地扩展跨学科研究的发展。